PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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The Earth—Its Motions and their Effects
The earth has two motions, viz., (1) Rotation around its axis or the daily motion. The axis of the earth is an imaginary line inclined at 66.5° to the plane of the orbit of the earth. The earth rotates round its axis from west to east once in 24 hours. Effects: Days and nights are caused. The sun, moon and other heavenly bodies appear to revolve round the earth from east to west. Direction of winds and currents is changed.
(2) Revolution round the sun on its orbit, or the annual motion: The earth revolves round the sun once in about 365.25 days. Effects: It causes seasons; days and nights are of unequal length at the same place.
Important elements in the earth’s crust
The five most abundant elements in the earth’s crust are: Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminium, Iron and Calcium. (The other three are Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium.)
Oceans—Their Importance
Oceans are the source of all water on earth as the evaporated water from over their surface is brought to earth by the winds passing over them. They are the highways of the world and most of the world trade is carried through the sea. Innumerable fish and other animals living in the oceans are a great source of food to mankind. Minerals like salt, iodine etc. are derived from the ocean waters and sea-weeds.
Ocean Currents: are rivers of warm or cold water flowing in an ocean. Their banks and beds also consist of water.
Natural Regions
A natural region is a large area in which the topography, climate and vegetation are largely similar, and therefore there is a certain uniformity in human activities.
Natural Regions of the World
(1) Equatorial Region (2) Hot-Grassland Region (3) Monsoon Region (4) Hot Deserts Region (5) Mediterranean Region (6) Steppe Region (7) Tundra Region (8) Warm Temperate Region (9) Cool Temperate Region.
Natural Regions of India
(1) The Himalayas and the adjacent mountains; (2) The Sutlej-Ganga plains; (3) The coastal plains of Western and Eastern ghats; (4) The Deccan plateau.
Factors Determining Climate of a Place
(1) Distance from the Equator (2) Height above sea-level (3) Distance from the sea (4) Winds (5) Direction of Mountains (6) Ocean currents (7) Slope of land (8) Nature of the soil (9) Forests.
Factors Determining Temperature
(i) sun rays, (ii) height above sea-level (iii) movements of atmospheric winds, (iv) ocean currents.
Rainfall
Two important conditions must be satisfied in order to have rain: (1) There should be moisture-laden air, (2) There should be some means whereby air is cooled and condensation takes place. The air obtains water vapours by evaporation from the surface of large bodies of water, usually from the sea.
Monsoons in India
Monsoons are periodic winds which blow from sea to land for six months in summer and from land to sea for six months in winter. Monsoon winds prevail over India at different seasons.
South-West Monsoons: These are rain-bearing winds which prevail from about the end of May to the end of September. During summer, the sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of Cancer making the Indian plains intensely hot. But the rays of the sun fall obliquely over the Indian Ocean during this period. The land is hotter than the sea, there is, therefore, low pressure over the land and high pressure over the sea. The winds blow from high to low pressure i.e., from the sea to the land, and are therefore wet winds. Because of the rotation of the earth, the monsoon winds blowing over India deflect to the right after crossing the Equator and become south-west winds. These are, therefore, called south-west monsoons.
India depends largely on these rain-bearing south-west winds. These winds give to India about 90% of the total rainfall. During their prevalence, the chief crops cultivated are rice, cotton, tobacco, tea, jawar and bajra.
North-East Monsoons (or Winter Monsoons): During the months of November to January i.e., in winter, the sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of Capricorn. The air over the Indian Ocean during this period thus becomes hot and light and there is low pressure. The sun’s rays fall obliquely on the plains of India during these months with the result that the air over these plains is cold and heavy and there is high pressure. The winds, therefore, blow from plains to the Indian Ocean. While crossing the Equator, they deflect to the left and are known as north-east monsoons.
The North-East Monsoons bring only about 10% of the total rain to India as they are chilly and dry land winds. But the moisture that they pick from the Bay of Bengal, little as it is, is very useful. Wheat, barley, oats, oilseeds and sugarcane are cultivated during this season.
Thus these monsoon winds have much importance for India.
Weather and Climate
Weather means the atmospheric conditions e.g., temperature, rainfall, humidity, winds, sunshine and cloudiness of a particular place on a particular day. Climate, on the other hand, is the average condition of weather obtaining in a country or a place for a considerable period.
India has a great diversity of climatic conditions. Lying largely within the tropics and in the great Asiatic Continent and the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean to the South, the climate of India is essentially the tropical monsoon type. The average annual rainfall in India is 42 inches.
Types of Soil in India
The main categories of soils in India are: (i) Alluvial soils (ii) Black soils (iii) Red soils (iv) Laterite soils (v) Mountain and hill soils (vi) Terai soils (vii) Desert (or Arid) soil and (viii) Peat soils.
Alluvial soil and Black soil
Alluvial soil is that soil which is formed by deposition of silts brought down by the rivers. It is rich in hydrated oxides of iron and is very fertile. Black soil or the black cotton soil has a good water-holding capacity and is best suited for deep-rooted crops like cotton. The black soil in wet condition is compact and sticky.
The most extensive soil cover of India comprises alluvial soils.
Soil Erosion: The soils are usually six to twelve inches in depth. In course of time, the fertility level of the soil is depleted with the result that the soil no longer remains suitable for agriculture. Soil conservation is, therefore, necessary for continued agricultural prosperity.
The agencies of erosion are winds, water and waves of which the water erosion is most common. Rain water removes soil from the surface of sloping lands. Winds remove top soil of lands.
Laterite soils are formed by the weathering of laterite rocks. These can be distinguished from other soils by their acidity. Laterite soils are generally poor on the higher levels and cannot retain moisture. In the plains, however, they consist of heavy loams and clay and can retain moisture.
Laterite soils occur in Madhya Pradesh, Assam and along the Eastern and Western Ghats. Tea plantation requires acidity which is there in the laterite soil. It is, therefore, common in these areas.
Star and Planet
Star is the name given to a fixed celestial body which has its own light whereas Planet is the name given to a celestial body which revolves round the sun in elliptical (regular oval shape) orbit. A planet has no light of its own but reflects the light of the sun.
Rocks
Three main groups of rocks: Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
Classification of rocks
Igneous rocks: granite.
Sedimentary rocks: sandstone; limestone; shale; coal.
Metamorphic rocks: marble.
Phyllite: This rock is formed by deposits of animal shells and skeletons.
Land Breeze and Sea Breeze
Land Breeze: At night, land masses cool quicker than the sea. Therefore, in calm, cloudless weather, an air-stream passes from the land to the sea. This breeze carries no moisture, and is a little warm.
Sea Breeze: In day-time, the land is hotter than the sea. The air over it rises, and is replaced by a cool breeze from the sea carrying some moisture.
Tides
Alternate rise and fall of waters of the ocean twice in the course of nearly twenty four hours is termed as “tides”. The tides are caused by the gravitational force exerted by the moon and to a lesser degree by the sun, on the earth. The tides do not always rise to the same height. At the time of the new and full moon, when the sun and moon are in a straight line with the earth, the tides rise higher and are known as Spring Tides. Midway between new and full moon when the sun and the moon are at right angles as to their direction from the earth, tides are at the lowest height and are called Neap Tides.
Spring Tides and Neap Tides
When a high tide is caused twice a month at new moon and again when the moon is full, spring tide is caused as a result of combined attraction of the sun and the moon.
When the high tide is not so high, nor the low tide so low, neap tides are caused as a result of the difference of attraction of the sun and the moon.
Seasons
The change of seasons is due to (i) revolution of the earth round the sun (ii) inclination of earth’s axis at 66.5° to the plane of its orbit and always pointing to the same direction. On the 21st June, the North Pole is inclined towards the sun and the South Pole is inclined away from it. The rays of the sun fall perpendicularly at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° North) and fall comparatively slanting in the southern hemisphere. Hence the days are longer than nights in the northern hemisphere and it is summer there. Just opposite is the case in the southern hemisphere where the nights are longer at that time and it is winter there.
Latitudes and Longitudes
India lies entirely to the north of the Equator, between latitudes 8°-4´ and 37°-6´ north and longitude 68°-7´ and 97°-25´ east.
The latitude of the South Pole is 90°. South Pole has no longitude.
Longitude of a place is its distance east or west of a fixed meridian. The distance of any place north or south of the Equator is called the Latitude of that place.
Parallels of latitude: are lines drawn on a map (or globe) showing the latitude of a place.
Meridians (or lines) of longitude: These are lines drawn on a map (or globe) showing the longitude of a place. These lines join the north and south pole cutting the Equator at right angles.
(Latitudes and Longitudes should be clearly distinguished from Parallels of Latitude and Meridians of Longitude respectively.)
By knowing these lines, we can find out exact location of a place. By knowing the latitude of a place we can find out its average temperature, as also its distance from the Equator. By knowing the longitude of a place, we can calculate its local time.
Longitude is the angular distance of a place east or west of the prime meridian. The earth rotates upon its axis once in 24 hours and covers 360° in 24 hours. Thus it takes 60 x 24/360 or 4 minutes to cover a degree of longitude or we may say that in four minutes, the earth moves through 1°. There is thus a difference of 4 minutes for each degree of longitude. This fact is used for determining the longitude of a place. All longitudes are measured from the meridian of Greenwich.
We can determine the latitude of a place in the northern hemisphere by measuring the altitude of the Pole Star. The altitude of the Pole Star is the latitude of that place. For example, if the altitude of Pole Star at Delhi is 28.5° North, its latitude will also be 28.5°N. The altitude of Pole Star is measured by an instrument called Sextant.
Solar Eclipse and Lunar Eclipse
Solar Eclipse: is the partial or complete obscuration of the sun because of the passage of the moon in front of it i.e., when the moon comes in between the sun and the earth.
The moon then appears as a dark object obscuring the sun. Over a small portion of the earth’s surface, the moon is seen to blot out the sun completely and a total eclipse is seen by the people in that particular area. But over most of the earth’s surface, the eclipse seen is partial because only a portion of the sun’s face remains covered by the moon.
Lunar Eclipse: is the partial or complete obscuration of the moon’s surface when the earth comes in between the sun and the moon. The moon, when it moves through the shadow of the earth, loses its bright direct illumination by the sun, although its disc still remains faintly visible.
An eclipse of the moon is visible and presents the same features at all places on the earth where the moon is above the horizon. The lunar eclipse can be seen with the naked eye, field glass or a small telescope.
The lunar eclipse occurs at full moon only when the earth comes in between the sun and the moon which phenomenon does not occur at every full moon.
Indian Standard Time
The Indian Standard Time is a uniform time adopted by all palces in India without regard to their local time. It is usual for each country to have its standard time for use over the whole country as it would be very difficult if every town or village had its own local time and whenever we moved from one place to another, we should have to alter our watches.
Indian Standard Time is the local time of a place near Allahabad situated at 82.5° East longitude.
Winds
Air moving from one direction to another horizontally is called wind. It is the air in motion.
Cause of Wind: The chief cause of winds is difference in pressure. Air always moves from region of high pressure to a region of low pressure to equalize the pressure. For example, the low pressure belt round the Equator is a region of calm known as the doldrums. Although there are no regular winds there, violent squalls and thunderstorms are frequent which come from high pressure areas north and south of the Equator.
Direction of Winds: As the earth is rotating daily on its axis from west to east, all winds are deflected. According to Ferrel’s Law, winds are deflected to the right in Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
Characteristics of the important Wind Systems of the World:
1. Trade Winds: The rays of the sun fall almost vertically at the Equator and the air there becomes hot and the pressure is low. The air rises towards the Poles and descends near 30°N and 30°S. The pressure is high near 30°N and 30°S. Because winds blow from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, winds from over these altitudes blow towards the Equator and Trade Winds are caused.
2. Westerlies (or Anti-Trade Winds): are winds which blow from about 40 degrees N to the Arctic Circle and from about 35 degrees S to the Antarctic Circle throughout the year. They derive their name from the direction in which they blow. In the northern hemisphere they blow in the south-westerly direction and bring winter rain to the Mediterranean regions etc. In the southern hemisphere, they blow in a north-westerly direction.
3. Polar Winds: The winds which blow from the high pressure area around the poles towards the temperate regions are known as polar winds. They are extremely cold. They rise from the North West in the Northern Hemisphere and from the South East in the Southern Hemisphere.
4. Periodical Winds: These are (i) Land and Sea Breezes and (ii) Monsoons which blow in one direction at a particular time or during a particular season. In the hot season in India, the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Cancer, i.e., roughly over the great plains of the Ganges and Brahmaputra so that the air over the plains becomes very hot by about the month of May. At this time, South West Monsoon commences to blow. They bring heavy rains. Monsoon winds prevail over India at different seasons. India depends on the rain-bearing south-west winds which prevail from about the end of May to the end of September. These winds bring to India about 90% of all the rain that falls there.
5. Variable Winds: are the irregular winds as Cyclones and Anti-Cyclones.
Rainfall
There is heavy rainfall on the West coast because the Western Ghat ranges receive the full force of the monsoons from the Arabian sea and there is heavy rainfall (about 100 inches). On the other hand, the Deccan Plateau gets very scanty rainfall because it falls within the rain-shadow area.
Chennai gets winter rainfall as the north-east monsoons which blow in winter pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and bring rain to that city.
The Bay of Bengal monsoons first bring rain to the eastern parts and then turn westwards. As Kolkata is in the east, it receives more rainfall. As the monsoons blow westwards they become drier and cause less rainfall. So Delhi does not get as much rainfall as Kolkata.
In the northern region, the Bay of Bengal monsoons first bring rain to eastern parts and then turn westwards. As the monsoons blow westwards, they go on losing moisture and cause decreasing rainfall.
In the southern region, the Arabian Sea monsoons first strike the western ghats and the moisture is drained on the western side whereas rainfall goes on decreasing towards eastern region.
Two important conditions must be satisfied in order to have rain: (1) There should be moisture-laden air, (2) There should be some means whereby air is cooled and condensation takes place. The air obtains water vapours by evaporation from the surface of large bodies of water, usually from the sea.
The moisture-laden air is cooled in two ways: (i) by rising upward into colder upper regions of the atmosphere, (ii) by blowing as wind to colder regions.
Thus we see: (a) Moist air is lighter than dry air and so it readily rises, expands in a short time, cools and falls. (b) When warm winds blow towards cooler regions, it is condensed by cooling effect and rain falls. (c) The land masses or mountains also tend to condense water vapours. When moisture-laden wind is obstructed by mountains, it is forced to rise. As it rises, it becomes cool and rainfall results.
Rivers
The work of a river is three-fold:
(i) The Mountain Stage: The mountain or upper course of a river is swift as the slope at this stage of a river is steep. The main work of a river at this stage is denudation (wearing away). In this swift upper course, the rivers carry big stones, pebbles etc. which go on eroding the sides and beds of the valleys. As time goes on, the river cuts away the spurs on both sides and the valleys become wider and deeper. The mountain stage of the Ganges in India extends from its source up to Hardwar.
(ii) The Plain Stage: In this stage the river moves slowly as the slope is gradual and its main work is transportation (navigation) and irrigation. The plain stage of the Ganges extends from Hardwar to Bhagalpur.
(iii) The Delta Stage: This is the last stage and the rivers are very slow at this stage. In this slow lower or deltaic course, the main work of the river is deposition. The level of the bed at this stage rises due to mud and silt brought by it and deposited into several channels before falling into the sea. The Ganges forms her delta from Bhagalpur up to the sea.
The deltas are not formed at the mouths of rivers where tides carry away all the mud and silt deposited (at the mouth) e.g., the Narbada and the Tapti do not form any delta. Also rivers which deposit all their mud into the lakes through which they pass do not form delta e.g., the St Lawrence in Canada.
Estuary is formed at the mouth of a river where tidal effects are evident and where fresh water and sea water mix. In most cases it is due to subsidence of coastal low-land.
Delta is the triangular piece of land formed by the deposition of mud and silt near the mouth of a river. In the case of delta formation, more solid material is deposited which cannot be removed by tidal or other currents.
The rivers of Northern India are more important than those of Southern India because they have a flow of water throughout the year. Even in summer these rivers receive water from the melting of Himalayan snow. Flowing through broad basins, they form large tracts or rich alluvial soil on either side. It is no wonder, therefore, that their fertile basin are the natural grannaries of the country. Further, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra are navigable and provide excellent waterways for commerce. The Peninsular rivers, on the other hand, have water during the monsoons but shrivel into muddy pools in the dry season. These rivers are of little use for navigation on account of their torrential nature in the upper course, and the rapids that occur where they descend into deep gorges from the table land to the coastal plains.
Climate and Vegetation
The Equatorial type climate, in which the temperature remains high all the year round but does not vary much, produces hot, wet forests.
The Tropical type climate produces grasslands which are found on either side of the equatorial belt where the rainfall usually occurs soon after the sun has been shining vertically while the dry season occurs in the colder part of the year.
The lowlands along the Tropic of Cancer lie mainly in the high-pressure belt just outside the Tropics. The Trade Winds blow away from these lowlands towards the Equator and the Westerly winds blow away from them towards the Poles. There are, therefore, no winds to bring rain to this region. Some of these lowlands are dry because these are very very far from the sea, like centre of Asia. There are few clouds and very little rain with the result that the sun’s rays strike straight on the ground and make the days very hot.
The temperature of the ocean varies much less than that of land because (i) water has a higher specific heat than land with the result that it both absorbs and loses heat slowly as compared to land; and (ii) due to large surface of water at sea more evaporation occurs than on land. Evaporation causes cooling and this results in the sea having a lower temperature than that on land.
We may divide India into two parts for the purpose of climatological studies: (1) peninsular India and (2) Northern India. Peninsular India has the characteristic of tropical climate where “the temperature is uniformly high and seasonal variation relatively low”.
The climatic conditions in Northern India have no general similarity. This region lies beyond the Tropic of Cancer. The Western part of it includes East Punjab and Rajasthan where air is devoid of moisture and it is hot in summer and very cold in winter. The eastern part of this region includes U.P., Bihar, Assam and West Bengal. Here winter is mild and summer is very hot with plenty of moisture in the air.
These climatic conditions are however, disturbed by two Monsoon Currents—the South West Monsoon and the North-East Monsoon. The South-West Monsoon causes heavy rainfall in Assam, West Bengal and U.P. It begins to retreat from Northern India in early October and this retreat is completed by mid-December. During this retreat period the weather in Northern India becomes dry.
The North-East monsoons begin in January and last till March. These winds cause light rain in Northern India, particularly in the Punjab plains. This scanty rainfall is very important for Rabi crops.
Vegetation: Agriculture is the most important occupation of the people of India. In Northern India, typical monsoon land crops are grown such as rice in Bengal with its warm and humid climate; wheat and maize in Northern plains, Punjab and U.P.; jute in Bengal and Assam and tea in Assam.
In Peninsular India where regur or black cotton soil is found and sufficient moisture available, cotton is grown. It is the chief crop of the Deccan Peninsula—Mumbai and Berar being the chief producers. Coffee is grown on the Nilgiris in the South.
Climatic Effect: India has on the whole monsoon-tropical climate: ‘Monsoon—lands are dominated by the winds from sea to land in summer—the wet season and by winds from land to sea in winter—the dry season.’ This type of climate is not very conducive to health and vigour. Man’s well-being in such a climate depends largely on rainfall. The agricultural products do not grow if the monsoon fails and famine conditions break out. This dependence on rain, however, is not absolute owing to development of irrigation by means of projects, canals, wells etc.
The desert type climate is hot and dry. The rainfall is scanty, not more than 10 inches a year. The day and night temperatures vary to much extent. The evenings and afternoons are marked by hot dust storms.
The regions lie mainly in the high-pressure belts just outside the Tropics. The Trade Winds blow away from them towards the Equator and the Westerly Winds blow away from them towards the Poles. There are no winds which bring rain to this region and the climate remains hot and dry.
Mediterranean Climate
It is the type of climate experienced by the lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea, and also by other regions, in both hemispheres, situated in a similar geographical position. The characteristic features are warmth of the summer, mildness of the winter, and ample sunshine.
The entire west coast of the United States has Mediterranean type of climate because this region gets winter rainfall from “Westerlies” winds.
Irrigation
Methods of Irrigation: The various systems of irrigation used in India are: (1) Canals; (2) Wells; (3) Tube-wells; and (4) Tanks.
Canals: Canals are the most important of the systems of irrigation in India because:
(i) the rivers are snow-fed and never run dry; (ii) the plain has a soft and alluvial soil, so canals can be easily dug; (iii) the rainfall is insufficient for irrigation and wells alone cannot satisfy the needs of agriculturists.
Of the total irrigated land in India, 40 per cent is irrigated by canals.
Wells: Wells are found all over India but these are largely used in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Bihar. They are also used in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. The reason for irrigation by wells is that the soil is porous and after a rainfall, water is stored up below the soil, and wells can be easily sunk.
Tube-wells: Irrigation by tube-wells has become very popular these days. Tube-wells are worked by electric power. These are much deeper than the ordinary wells. Due to shortage of power, the agriculturists do face the difficulty in running the tube-wells as and when they require but the prosperous ones are making use of the diesel engines for the purpose.
Tanks: Tanks are used in the Deccan plateau—especially in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and in some parts of Madhya Pradesh. They are made by filling natural hollows with water or by building dams across the river valleys. As the soil is rocky in these areas, it is not easy to sink wells. The soil is not porous and the rain water flows off; Canals cannot be constructed as the rivers are not snow-fed. So the tanks are the chief means of irrigation in the Deccan plateau.
Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Volcanoes: By the pressure of the earth’s crust the hot matter or lava in the interior of the earth is pressed down. It gushes out through a crack or a hole when it finds a weak spot in the crust and begins to accumulate round it. By and by it cools down and solidifies and in the course of several years these accumulated layers of lava build up a conical mountain. Such lava mountains are called volcanoes.
Volcanoes are also formed when rain or sea water percolates in the soil and sinks deep down into the earth where it is converted into steam by the internal heat and forces its way out of the crust bringing with it large quantity of lava etc.
Earthquakes: (i) When an active volcano bursts with great force or when a dormant volcano erupts into activity, the surrounding areas feel tremors and earthquake is caused. (ii) When the interior part of the earth cools down and contracts, the outer crust cracks or a part of it actually drops down causing earthquake. (iii) Sometimes water percolates deep down into the earth and is converted into steam on account of internal heat. This steam forces its way out by expanding and thus causes earthquake shocks.
Fold and Block Mountains
Fold Mountains: These are formed as a result of series of earthquakes by which in course of a long time, rocks are folded up above the general level and the agents of denudation start to wear them away. The Himalayas, the Andes, the Alps are example of Fold Mountains.
Block Mountains: the formation of mountains when a mass of land is pushed up between several cracks, is known as Block Mountains as shown in the figure below. The narrow piece of the crust led down between two parallel cracks forms what is called “Rift Valley”.
Mountain Ranges
Himalayas: The Himalayan ranges stretch for about 2400 km from the eastern extremity of Assam to the western limit of Kashmir. Their width varies from 150 km to 450 km. These are fold mountains and consist of long lines of folded ranges.
Arvalies: It stretches from Gujarat in the west to Delhi in the north.
Indian Plateau: It is the table-land region of the Deccan lying south of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is bounded on the north by the ranges of Vindhyas and the Satpuras running east to west.
Vindhyas and Satpura: The Vindhyas lie north of the Narbada Valley, whereas the Satpuras Range lies south. Satpura ranges are an example of Volcanic mountains.
Western Ghats: In the west, the plateau is margined by the Western Ghats which rise abruptly from the Malabar and the Konkan coasts and run parallel to the sea coast with an average height of 1200 metres.
Eastern Ghats: Towards the east are broken Eastern Ghats which descend to the low-lands of the Coromandal coast and are broken by a number of rivers, the most important of which are the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Penner and Cauvery. These rivers flow south-east across the plateau to the Bay of Bengal.
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Wednesday, 29 February 2012
DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL GAPS
DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL GAPS
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Some right thinking people feel that breakneck development in the name of liberalisation deepens social gaps. Express your views on the subject of development versus social disparities.
Globalisation/liberalisation has given an unprecedented push to development, as a result of which the tempo of life has acquired both success and stress, incentives and impatience, achievements and angst. Besides these candid contradictions, research and development the world over has opened new vistas of opportunities in service sectors, travel and tourism, infrastructure and industry. The spread of a culture of emergency and the accelerated pace of development has increased the volatility of economics which, in turn, has led to deepening social gaps, thereby increasing social tensions and instability. Nearer home, the rise of naxalism in different parts of the country is a strong pointer to the disparities that fast-paced development has brought in its trail.
For a developing country like India, it is not only the urban-rural divide and deepening social gaps that confront us, but we also have to cope with the sway of individualism over the binding force of a collectivist society. There is, and will be a decline in social values.
It is feared that the ever-widening gulf between the haves and have-nots, knowledge and ignorance is bound to increase if development without social equity is preferred and promoted. Inequality and the feeling of being left behind and outside can be a seed to social conflicts and confrontation between the privileged and the deprived. No doubt, without development the multi-faceted problems of poverty, ignorance, disease, deprivation etc. cannot be tackled. But it is equally true that the fruits of development should reach those who need them the most.
http://careerprakashan.com/
Some right thinking people feel that breakneck development in the name of liberalisation deepens social gaps. Express your views on the subject of development versus social disparities.
Globalisation/liberalisation has given an unprecedented push to development, as a result of which the tempo of life has acquired both success and stress, incentives and impatience, achievements and angst. Besides these candid contradictions, research and development the world over has opened new vistas of opportunities in service sectors, travel and tourism, infrastructure and industry. The spread of a culture of emergency and the accelerated pace of development has increased the volatility of economics which, in turn, has led to deepening social gaps, thereby increasing social tensions and instability. Nearer home, the rise of naxalism in different parts of the country is a strong pointer to the disparities that fast-paced development has brought in its trail.
For a developing country like India, it is not only the urban-rural divide and deepening social gaps that confront us, but we also have to cope with the sway of individualism over the binding force of a collectivist society. There is, and will be a decline in social values.
It is feared that the ever-widening gulf between the haves and have-nots, knowledge and ignorance is bound to increase if development without social equity is preferred and promoted. Inequality and the feeling of being left behind and outside can be a seed to social conflicts and confrontation between the privileged and the deprived. No doubt, without development the multi-faceted problems of poverty, ignorance, disease, deprivation etc. cannot be tackled. But it is equally true that the fruits of development should reach those who need them the most.
Politics of Development
Politics of Development
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The best way to inspire and involve the Indian youth in making India an upcoming economic power is for all political parties to engage themselves in politics of development. In your well-considered opinion what measures should be adopted to achieve the goal.
Needless to reiterate and reaffirm that India needs politics of development rather than the politics of polemics and populism. More than ever before, both people and political parties should see to it that they work for harmony and not for acrimony among people professing different faiths and practising varied ways of conduct and character in their day to day lives. No other concern and consideration should weigh on the perceptions and priorities of politicians, programmers and planners, except those that enhance developmental activities in all walks of life and ultimately help improve quality of life of those subsisting at the lowest levels of our socio-economic ladder. It is time now that political parties of every hue and hype focused their manifestos, programmes and policies on developmental vision and pragmatic approach and action to achieve the goals of social
justice. There is no denying that the most effective measure in this direction is the involvement of youth in developmental activities and a harmonious harnessing of their youthful energies and enthusiasm. For this to happen on the ground, we, as an upcoming nation, need to orient ourselves towards development, whether on farms or in factories, on technologies or service sectors, et al.
In order to make the best use of resources, both human and natural, all political parties must converge on developmental politics, because without development we cannot hope to engage our youth in constructive and creative activities, nor can we envisage a situation in future when poverty would be a thing of the past. It is true that barring a few examples, we do not have many icons among our political parties. The youth needs role models that only politicians can provide, because they wield power and affect people and their proclivities in large measure. Political parties should visualise a situation in future where our burgeoning youth should see an imprint of great leaders in every action.
It goes without saying that people’s ethos, values and character are crucial factors that determine whether the country will move forward on a progressive path or stagnate. The education system, along with many other channels and sources of knowledge, must concentrate on cultivating in every citizen a sense of eternal values, as well as instilling discipline among them. The media, too, as partner in national development, should celebrate the success of the people and become an invigorating instrument of inspiring the youth by highlighting the best and the most unique among those who shine like stars in the firmament of our political spectrum.
http://careerprakashan.com/
The best way to inspire and involve the Indian youth in making India an upcoming economic power is for all political parties to engage themselves in politics of development. In your well-considered opinion what measures should be adopted to achieve the goal.
Needless to reiterate and reaffirm that India needs politics of development rather than the politics of polemics and populism. More than ever before, both people and political parties should see to it that they work for harmony and not for acrimony among people professing different faiths and practising varied ways of conduct and character in their day to day lives. No other concern and consideration should weigh on the perceptions and priorities of politicians, programmers and planners, except those that enhance developmental activities in all walks of life and ultimately help improve quality of life of those subsisting at the lowest levels of our socio-economic ladder. It is time now that political parties of every hue and hype focused their manifestos, programmes and policies on developmental vision and pragmatic approach and action to achieve the goals of social
justice. There is no denying that the most effective measure in this direction is the involvement of youth in developmental activities and a harmonious harnessing of their youthful energies and enthusiasm. For this to happen on the ground, we, as an upcoming nation, need to orient ourselves towards development, whether on farms or in factories, on technologies or service sectors, et al.
In order to make the best use of resources, both human and natural, all political parties must converge on developmental politics, because without development we cannot hope to engage our youth in constructive and creative activities, nor can we envisage a situation in future when poverty would be a thing of the past. It is true that barring a few examples, we do not have many icons among our political parties. The youth needs role models that only politicians can provide, because they wield power and affect people and their proclivities in large measure. Political parties should visualise a situation in future where our burgeoning youth should see an imprint of great leaders in every action.
It goes without saying that people’s ethos, values and character are crucial factors that determine whether the country will move forward on a progressive path or stagnate. The education system, along with many other channels and sources of knowledge, must concentrate on cultivating in every citizen a sense of eternal values, as well as instilling discipline among them. The media, too, as partner in national development, should celebrate the success of the people and become an invigorating instrument of inspiring the youth by highlighting the best and the most unique among those who shine like stars in the firmament of our political spectrum.
Tuesday, 28 February 2012
Careers in Banking
Careers in Banking
http://careerprakashan.com/Banking has emerged as one of the most challenging sectors in the country. Openings are available at various levels, from Bank Clerical to Probationary Officers (PO). There is great job security and the salary is very good, besides the perquisites of loans for employees. It is a lucrative career: till recently careers existed only in nationalised banks, but with liberalisation, a host of private banks have been set up. As a result, demand for trained professionals has increased substantially. The private banks offer better salaries but then the job security is also less.
The advertisements for recruitment appear from time to time in newspapers as well as the Employment News. Recruitment is done on the basis of a written test, which consists of:
a) Test of Reasoning
b) Quantitative Aptitude
c) General Awareness
d) English Language
e) Descriptive Test
Except for the descriptive portion, all other sections contain objective-type questions. In Reasoning, there is verbal and non-verbal sections. In English, the test is aimed at judging the overall comprehension and understanding of the language. The Descriptive Paper can be answered in English or Hindi. It judges the written expression of the candidates. All sections must be qualified.
How to Prepare
Bank exams -- both clerical and PO -- are taken by lakhs of candidates. There is intense competition as the number of vacancies is small. A high degree of preparation is required in order to get through.
To be successful, regular practice in all the sections is essential. All the sections are adequately covered by The Competition Master.
It is advisable to do the basics first. After this, start doing section tests, from Reasoning, Maths, English, etc. Try to get a good score in each section. After that, do some full-length tests which contain all the sections, within the stipulated time. Candidates are also advised to prepare for the interview simultaneously and take care to develop their personality and confidence. After the written examination, the short-listed candidates are called for an interview. General questions are asked to check the candidate's General Awareness and relevant issues related to Economics.
For the Descriptive Paper, refer to sample questions published in The Competition Master. The candidate must have a good expression and the sentences must be grammatically correct. An important aspect is hand-writing. Many candidates write almost illegibly, which examiners cannot read. They are thus unable to get a good score. Efforts must be made to improve your handwriting as well, as this could be a major shortcoming in the written paper. Apart from this, it may be said that the candidate must be aware of current issues to be able to write something on them.
There are a number of books and correspondence courses available for bank preparatory examinations. There is, however, no substitute for self-study and self-preparation. Regular studies, systematic preparations, self-confidence and regular practice, is all that is required to pass this exam.
Different routes
While recruitment in nationalised banks is done through competitive exams, recruitment in private banks is mostly direct. The private sector banks recruit MBAs and Chartered Accountants directly. Lower down the line, fresh graduates can hope to find jobs as direct marketing executives, personal banking executives and home banking executives. For such jobs, all that is needed is a pleasing personality.
One can also do a specialised course in banking from a number of universities offering such courses.
Among these are:
University of Madras, Centenary Buildings, Chepauk, Chennai-600005, which offers a Certificate course in Banking.
The Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, offers a 1-year course.
One can also do a Diploma in Bank Administration from Ravishankar University, Raipur-492 010.
Guru Ghasidas University, PO Koni, Bilaspur-495 009.
Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124 001.
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002.
Other universities offering diplomas or certificate courses in different aspects of banking (law, management and administration, masters degree) are:
Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 003.
Utkal University, PO Vani Vihar, Bhubaneshwar-751 004.
Annamalai University, PO Annamalai Nagar-608 002; Sri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati-517 502.
SNDT Women's University, 1, Nathibai Thackeray Road, Mumbai-400 020.
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004.
Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur-416 004.
Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431 604.
Bhartidasan University, Palkalai Perum, Tiruchirapalli-620 024.
Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795 003.
The eligibility criteria is different for different courses and candidates are advised to check these out directly from the universities concerned.
http://careerprakashan.com/
Job Prospects
As banking is a growing industry, the job prospects are good. In nationalised banks, one can expect regular promotions while in private banks it is performance that is rewarded. Promotions may be swift for deserving candidates. But it is not necessary to be a banking professional only to get into banks. As financial services are getting automated, the industry requires a large number of computer experts, both in computer maintenance and software. Private computer service contractors are also in great demand. It would be important to have a BE or MCA degree for such jobs.
Bank jobs come with responsibility. As the banker handles other people's money, it is a job that requires trust. The person must also be service-oriented and like to look after customers. This is where private banks score over nationalised banks, but as profitability begins to play a major role in nationalised banks, there is bound to be pressure there as well to keep customers happy.
One reason to be excited about banking as a career is the rapid change taking place. Not only is there fresh competition, but technology promises to change the face of banking forever. The jobs are becoming comfortable, in the sense that the physical environment is pleasing and computerisation has taken the load off tedious jobs such as balancing accounts. As competition increases, a good banker will certainly be in great demand.
On the other hand, a career in banking entails frequent transfers. Also, it must be remembered that a banking job involves working long hours. When accounts are to be finalised, a bank employee has to put in long hours indeed.
Assess your aptitude before you join a career in banking.
All jobs require hard work. The personality required is a mix: for marketing and meeting customers an outgoing personality is required, while for keeping accounts a diligent and persevering attitude is required.
http://careerprakashan.com/Banking has emerged as one of the most challenging sectors in the country. Openings are available at various levels, from Bank Clerical to Probationary Officers (PO). There is great job security and the salary is very good, besides the perquisites of loans for employees. It is a lucrative career: till recently careers existed only in nationalised banks, but with liberalisation, a host of private banks have been set up. As a result, demand for trained professionals has increased substantially. The private banks offer better salaries but then the job security is also less.
The advertisements for recruitment appear from time to time in newspapers as well as the Employment News. Recruitment is done on the basis of a written test, which consists of:
a) Test of Reasoning
b) Quantitative Aptitude
c) General Awareness
d) English Language
e) Descriptive Test
Except for the descriptive portion, all other sections contain objective-type questions. In Reasoning, there is verbal and non-verbal sections. In English, the test is aimed at judging the overall comprehension and understanding of the language. The Descriptive Paper can be answered in English or Hindi. It judges the written expression of the candidates. All sections must be qualified.
How to Prepare
Bank exams -- both clerical and PO -- are taken by lakhs of candidates. There is intense competition as the number of vacancies is small. A high degree of preparation is required in order to get through.
To be successful, regular practice in all the sections is essential. All the sections are adequately covered by The Competition Master.
It is advisable to do the basics first. After this, start doing section tests, from Reasoning, Maths, English, etc. Try to get a good score in each section. After that, do some full-length tests which contain all the sections, within the stipulated time. Candidates are also advised to prepare for the interview simultaneously and take care to develop their personality and confidence. After the written examination, the short-listed candidates are called for an interview. General questions are asked to check the candidate's General Awareness and relevant issues related to Economics.
For the Descriptive Paper, refer to sample questions published in The Competition Master. The candidate must have a good expression and the sentences must be grammatically correct. An important aspect is hand-writing. Many candidates write almost illegibly, which examiners cannot read. They are thus unable to get a good score. Efforts must be made to improve your handwriting as well, as this could be a major shortcoming in the written paper. Apart from this, it may be said that the candidate must be aware of current issues to be able to write something on them.
There are a number of books and correspondence courses available for bank preparatory examinations. There is, however, no substitute for self-study and self-preparation. Regular studies, systematic preparations, self-confidence and regular practice, is all that is required to pass this exam.
Different routes
While recruitment in nationalised banks is done through competitive exams, recruitment in private banks is mostly direct. The private sector banks recruit MBAs and Chartered Accountants directly. Lower down the line, fresh graduates can hope to find jobs as direct marketing executives, personal banking executives and home banking executives. For such jobs, all that is needed is a pleasing personality.
One can also do a specialised course in banking from a number of universities offering such courses.
Among these are:
University of Madras, Centenary Buildings, Chepauk, Chennai-600005, which offers a Certificate course in Banking.
The Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, offers a 1-year course.
One can also do a Diploma in Bank Administration from Ravishankar University, Raipur-492 010.
Guru Ghasidas University, PO Koni, Bilaspur-495 009.
Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124 001.
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002.
Other universities offering diplomas or certificate courses in different aspects of banking (law, management and administration, masters degree) are:
Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 003.
Utkal University, PO Vani Vihar, Bhubaneshwar-751 004.
Annamalai University, PO Annamalai Nagar-608 002; Sri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati-517 502.
SNDT Women's University, 1, Nathibai Thackeray Road, Mumbai-400 020.
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004.
Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur-416 004.
Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431 604.
Bhartidasan University, Palkalai Perum, Tiruchirapalli-620 024.
Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795 003.
The eligibility criteria is different for different courses and candidates are advised to check these out directly from the universities concerned.
http://careerprakashan.com/
Job Prospects
As banking is a growing industry, the job prospects are good. In nationalised banks, one can expect regular promotions while in private banks it is performance that is rewarded. Promotions may be swift for deserving candidates. But it is not necessary to be a banking professional only to get into banks. As financial services are getting automated, the industry requires a large number of computer experts, both in computer maintenance and software. Private computer service contractors are also in great demand. It would be important to have a BE or MCA degree for such jobs.
Bank jobs come with responsibility. As the banker handles other people's money, it is a job that requires trust. The person must also be service-oriented and like to look after customers. This is where private banks score over nationalised banks, but as profitability begins to play a major role in nationalised banks, there is bound to be pressure there as well to keep customers happy.
One reason to be excited about banking as a career is the rapid change taking place. Not only is there fresh competition, but technology promises to change the face of banking forever. The jobs are becoming comfortable, in the sense that the physical environment is pleasing and computerisation has taken the load off tedious jobs such as balancing accounts. As competition increases, a good banker will certainly be in great demand.
On the other hand, a career in banking entails frequent transfers. Also, it must be remembered that a banking job involves working long hours. When accounts are to be finalised, a bank employee has to put in long hours indeed.
Assess your aptitude before you join a career in banking.
All jobs require hard work. The personality required is a mix: for marketing and meeting customers an outgoing personality is required, while for keeping accounts a diligent and persevering attitude is required.
Updated General Studies Mains syllabus for 2008
Updated General Studies Mains syllabus for 2008
http://careerprakashan.com/
General Guidelines:The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers will be such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions will be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.
Paper-I
(1) History of Modern India and Indian Culture
The History of Modern India will cover history of the Country from about the middle of nineteenth century and would also include questions on important personalities who shaped the freedom movement and social reforms. The part relating to Indian culture will cover all aspects of Indian culture from the ancient to modern times as well as principal features of literature, arts and architecture.
(2) Geogrphy of India
In this part, questions will be on the physical, economic and social geography of India.
(3) Constitution of India and Indian Polity
This part will include questions on the Constitution of India as well as all constitutional, legal, administrative and other issues emerging from the politico-administrative system prevalent in the country.
(4) Current National issues and topics of social relevance
This part is intended to test the candidate's awareness of current national issues and topics of social relevance in present-day India, such as the following:
(i) The Indian economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.
(ii) Issues arising from the social and economic exclusion of large sections from the benefits of development.
(iii) Other issues relating to the development and management of human resource.
(iv) Health issues including the management of Public Health, Health education and ethical concerns regarding health-care, medical research and pharmaceuticals.
(v) Law enforcement, internal security and related issues such as the preservation of communal harmony.
(vi) Issues relating to good governance and accountability to the citizens including the maintenance of human rights, and of probity in public life.
(vii) Environmental issues, ecological preservation, conservation of natural resources and national heritage.
Paper-II
(1) India and the World
This part will include questions to test candidate's awareness of India's relationship with the world in various spheres such as the following:-
• Foreign Affairs with special emphasis on India’s relations with neighbouring countries and in the region.
• Security and defence related matters.
• Nuclear policy, issues, and conflicts.
• The Indian Diaspora and its contribution to India and the world.
(2) India’s Economic Interaction with the World
In this part, questions will be on economic and trade issues such as foreign trade, foreign investment; economic and diplomacy issues relating to oil, gas and energy flows; the role and functions of I.M.F., World Bank, W.T.O., WIPO etc. which influence India’s economic interaction with other countries and international institutions.
(3) Developments in the Field of Science & Technology, IT and space
In this part, questions will test the candidate's awareness of the developments in the field of science and technology, information technology, space and basic ideas about computers, robotics, nanotechnology, biotechnology and related issues regarding intellectual property rights.
(4) International Affairs and Institutions
This part will include questions on important events in world affairs and on international institutions.
(5) Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams
This part will test the candidate's ability to draw conclusions from information presented in statistical, graphical or diagrammatical form and to interpret them.
http://careerprakashan.com/
General Guidelines:The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers will be such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions will be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.
Paper-I
(1) History of Modern India and Indian Culture
The History of Modern India will cover history of the Country from about the middle of nineteenth century and would also include questions on important personalities who shaped the freedom movement and social reforms. The part relating to Indian culture will cover all aspects of Indian culture from the ancient to modern times as well as principal features of literature, arts and architecture.
(2) Geogrphy of India
In this part, questions will be on the physical, economic and social geography of India.
(3) Constitution of India and Indian Polity
This part will include questions on the Constitution of India as well as all constitutional, legal, administrative and other issues emerging from the politico-administrative system prevalent in the country.
(4) Current National issues and topics of social relevance
This part is intended to test the candidate's awareness of current national issues and topics of social relevance in present-day India, such as the following:
(i) The Indian economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.
(ii) Issues arising from the social and economic exclusion of large sections from the benefits of development.
(iii) Other issues relating to the development and management of human resource.
(iv) Health issues including the management of Public Health, Health education and ethical concerns regarding health-care, medical research and pharmaceuticals.
(v) Law enforcement, internal security and related issues such as the preservation of communal harmony.
(vi) Issues relating to good governance and accountability to the citizens including the maintenance of human rights, and of probity in public life.
(vii) Environmental issues, ecological preservation, conservation of natural resources and national heritage.
Paper-II
(1) India and the World
This part will include questions to test candidate's awareness of India's relationship with the world in various spheres such as the following:-
• Foreign Affairs with special emphasis on India’s relations with neighbouring countries and in the region.
• Security and defence related matters.
• Nuclear policy, issues, and conflicts.
• The Indian Diaspora and its contribution to India and the world.
(2) India’s Economic Interaction with the World
In this part, questions will be on economic and trade issues such as foreign trade, foreign investment; economic and diplomacy issues relating to oil, gas and energy flows; the role and functions of I.M.F., World Bank, W.T.O., WIPO etc. which influence India’s economic interaction with other countries and international institutions.
(3) Developments in the Field of Science & Technology, IT and space
In this part, questions will test the candidate's awareness of the developments in the field of science and technology, information technology, space and basic ideas about computers, robotics, nanotechnology, biotechnology and related issues regarding intellectual property rights.
(4) International Affairs and Institutions
This part will include questions on important events in world affairs and on international institutions.
(5) Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams
This part will test the candidate's ability to draw conclusions from information presented in statistical, graphical or diagrammatical form and to interpret them.
Railway Recruitment Board Exam (RRB) Entrance Exam
Railway Recruitment Board Exam (RRB) Entrance Exam
http://www.careerprakashan.com/
Books on Competitive Examinations and many more. Buy online at ...
www.careerprakashan.com
RRB Examination is conducted for to recruit and make available the right kind of manpower at the right time to the different units of the Railways as per their necessities. This is an All India Entrance Exam. Railway Recruitment Board has been appointed and authorized to ensure the exam is conducted smoothly. Selection on various posts based on the Written Test and Interview.
Structure and Pattern of RRB Entrance Exam
The question paper will covers four vital sections namely General Arithmetic, Analytical and Quantitative Skills, General Awareness and as Language General Hindi/General English. There will be a total of 100 to 120 objective type questions. Candidates have to finish the exam in duration of about 90 minutes or one and a half hours. Negative marking system is applicable for every wrong answer. The Questions are of many types and are available in various languages such as Urdu, Hindi, and English and in other Local Languages.
Qualification Criteria for RRB Entrance Exam
Minimum age limit for appear the exam is 18 years and 30 years is the maximum age limit for the exam. Reserved category candidates will get the relaxation in age as stated by government rules. Educational Qualification for the exam is any Bachelors degree from any recognized university. The minimum academic qualification set for each post varies.
Application Procedure for RRB Entrance Exam
Those candidates wish to appear this exam can apply through online at RRBs official website. There is no application charge for reserved categories and Ex-Servicemen and bodily challenged candidates. For general categories, application cost is Rs.40/- i.e. for the post having pay scale up to 3050 – 4590. Application cost is Rs 60 for all the post having salary higher than 3050 - 4590.
http://www.careerprakashan.com/
Books on Competitive Examinations and many more. Buy online at ...
www.careerprakashan.com
RRB Examination is conducted for to recruit and make available the right kind of manpower at the right time to the different units of the Railways as per their necessities. This is an All India Entrance Exam. Railway Recruitment Board has been appointed and authorized to ensure the exam is conducted smoothly. Selection on various posts based on the Written Test and Interview.
Structure and Pattern of RRB Entrance Exam
The question paper will covers four vital sections namely General Arithmetic, Analytical and Quantitative Skills, General Awareness and as Language General Hindi/General English. There will be a total of 100 to 120 objective type questions. Candidates have to finish the exam in duration of about 90 minutes or one and a half hours. Negative marking system is applicable for every wrong answer. The Questions are of many types and are available in various languages such as Urdu, Hindi, and English and in other Local Languages.
Qualification Criteria for RRB Entrance Exam
Minimum age limit for appear the exam is 18 years and 30 years is the maximum age limit for the exam. Reserved category candidates will get the relaxation in age as stated by government rules. Educational Qualification for the exam is any Bachelors degree from any recognized university. The minimum academic qualification set for each post varies.
Application Procedure for RRB Entrance Exam
Those candidates wish to appear this exam can apply through online at RRBs official website. There is no application charge for reserved categories and Ex-Servicemen and bodily challenged candidates. For general categories, application cost is Rs.40/- i.e. for the post having pay scale up to 3050 – 4590. Application cost is Rs 60 for all the post having salary higher than 3050 - 4590.
Monday, 27 February 2012
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
http://www.careerprakashan.com/
State of Education Report
According to the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), 2011, the grim tale of India’s school education has got grimmer, with new evidence surfacing to show that families across rural India have been ignoring the guaranteed Right to Education to seek private paid education.
Though a whopping 96.8 per cent children aged 6 to 14 years (the age group the RTE Act covers) are now enrolled in school, children’s attendance is declining and so is their ability to read simple text and do simple mathematical calculations.
Almost half (48.1 per cent) of India’s rural primary school students are either attending private schools or seeking paid tuition. Across the nation, private school enrolment for children aged 6 to 14 years rose from 18.7 per cent in 2006 to 25.6 per cent in 2011.
The survey, which covered 6.5 lakh children in 16,000 villages of 558 districts, found that one in every four rural children was attending private schools. In Kerala and Manipur, over 60 per cent children go to private schools. The percentage of students going to private schools is 71.1 for Manipur; 39.6 for Punjab, 43.4 for Haryana, 37.7 for Jammu and Kashmir and 29.6 for Himachal.
In UP, 45 per cent students were found to be going to private schools in 2011, as against 22 per cent in 2005. In Tamil Nadu, 35 per cent are attending private schools as against 16 per cent in 2005. And the percentage of students seeking paid tuitions is rising. The figure was 22.5 in 2010 and is 23.3 per cent today.
The ASER report further found levels of reading abilities to have declined in several States. Except in Punjab, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, reading abilities declined pan India, where the percentage of fifth graders able to read Class II text dropped across the nation from 53.7 per cent in 2010 to 48.2 per cent in 2011. Except in Himachal, Standard III children showed decline in ability to read Class I text across India.
In arithmetic, the situation is worse. As for the nation, the percentage of Class III graders who can do two-digit subtractions with borrowing dropped from 36.3 per cent in 2010 to 29.9 per cent in 2011. The decline was seen everywhere except in Andhra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, where the situation improved. The percentage of Class V children who can solve subtraction problems declined from 70.9 in 2010 to 61 this year.
SC sets deadline for government nod for prosecution of civil servant
In a landmark verdict, Supreme Court, on January 31, 2012, upheld the right of a private citizen to seek sanction for prosecution of a public servant for corruption, while setting a deadline of four months for the government to decide the issue of giving sanction for prosecution of public servants facing corruption charges.
A bench of Justices G.S. Singhvi and and A.K. Ganguly said, “There is no provision either in the 1988 Act (Prevention of Corruption Act) or the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) which bars a citizen from filing a complaint for prosecution of a public servant who is alleged to have committed an offence.”
The two judges also turned down the argument that the issue of sanction for prosecution of a public servant arises only at the stage of taking cognizance of the case by the court.
While prescribing a four month time-limit for deciding whether to grant sanction for prosecution of a public servant, Justices Singhvi and Ganguly, who wrote separate judgments, said sanction would be deemed to have been granted if the competent authority failed to take a decision within the period.
The order coincided with a growing feeling that sanction for prosecution of public servants facing corruption charges are deliberately delayed to kill the probe.
http://careerprakashan.com/
http://www.careerprakashan.com/
State of Education Report
According to the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), 2011, the grim tale of India’s school education has got grimmer, with new evidence surfacing to show that families across rural India have been ignoring the guaranteed Right to Education to seek private paid education.
Though a whopping 96.8 per cent children aged 6 to 14 years (the age group the RTE Act covers) are now enrolled in school, children’s attendance is declining and so is their ability to read simple text and do simple mathematical calculations.
Almost half (48.1 per cent) of India’s rural primary school students are either attending private schools or seeking paid tuition. Across the nation, private school enrolment for children aged 6 to 14 years rose from 18.7 per cent in 2006 to 25.6 per cent in 2011.
The survey, which covered 6.5 lakh children in 16,000 villages of 558 districts, found that one in every four rural children was attending private schools. In Kerala and Manipur, over 60 per cent children go to private schools. The percentage of students going to private schools is 71.1 for Manipur; 39.6 for Punjab, 43.4 for Haryana, 37.7 for Jammu and Kashmir and 29.6 for Himachal.
In UP, 45 per cent students were found to be going to private schools in 2011, as against 22 per cent in 2005. In Tamil Nadu, 35 per cent are attending private schools as against 16 per cent in 2005. And the percentage of students seeking paid tuitions is rising. The figure was 22.5 in 2010 and is 23.3 per cent today.
The ASER report further found levels of reading abilities to have declined in several States. Except in Punjab, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, reading abilities declined pan India, where the percentage of fifth graders able to read Class II text dropped across the nation from 53.7 per cent in 2010 to 48.2 per cent in 2011. Except in Himachal, Standard III children showed decline in ability to read Class I text across India.
In arithmetic, the situation is worse. As for the nation, the percentage of Class III graders who can do two-digit subtractions with borrowing dropped from 36.3 per cent in 2010 to 29.9 per cent in 2011. The decline was seen everywhere except in Andhra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, where the situation improved. The percentage of Class V children who can solve subtraction problems declined from 70.9 in 2010 to 61 this year.
SC sets deadline for government nod for prosecution of civil servant
In a landmark verdict, Supreme Court, on January 31, 2012, upheld the right of a private citizen to seek sanction for prosecution of a public servant for corruption, while setting a deadline of four months for the government to decide the issue of giving sanction for prosecution of public servants facing corruption charges.
A bench of Justices G.S. Singhvi and and A.K. Ganguly said, “There is no provision either in the 1988 Act (Prevention of Corruption Act) or the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) which bars a citizen from filing a complaint for prosecution of a public servant who is alleged to have committed an offence.”
The two judges also turned down the argument that the issue of sanction for prosecution of a public servant arises only at the stage of taking cognizance of the case by the court.
While prescribing a four month time-limit for deciding whether to grant sanction for prosecution of a public servant, Justices Singhvi and Ganguly, who wrote separate judgments, said sanction would be deemed to have been granted if the competent authority failed to take a decision within the period.
The order coincided with a growing feeling that sanction for prosecution of public servants facing corruption charges are deliberately delayed to kill the probe.
http://careerprakashan.com/
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Prime Ministers of India
Prime Ministers of India
INC - Indian National Congress, JP - Janata Party, JD http://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gif- Janata Dal
BJP - Bharatiya Janata Party, SJP - Samajwadi Janata Party
No Name From To Party
1 Jawahar Lal Nehru
15 August,
1947 27 May,
1964 INC
2 Shri Gulzarilal Nanda
27 May,
1964 9 June,
1964 INC
3 Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri
9 June,
1964 11 January,
1966 INC
4 Shri Gulzarilal Nanda
11 January,
1966 24 January,
1966 INC
5 Shrimati Indira Gandhi
24 January,
1966 24 March,
1977 INC
6 Shri Morarji Desai
24 March,
1977 28 July,
1979 JP
7 Shri Charan Singh
28 July,
1979 14 January,
1980 JP
8 Shrimati Indira Gandhi
14 January,
1980 31 October,
1984 INC
9 Shri Rajiv Gandhi
31 October,
1984 2 December,
1989 INC
(Indira)
10 Shri Vishwanath Pratap Singh
2 December,
1989 10 November,
1990 JD
11 Shri Chandra Shekhar
10 November,
1990 21 June,
1991 SJP
12 Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao
21 June,
1991 16 May,
1996 INC
13 Shri Atal Behari Vajpayee
16 May,
1996 1 June,
1996 BJP
14 H. D. Deve Gowda
1 June,
1996 21 April,
1997 JD
15 Inder Kumar Gujral
21 April,
1997 19 March,
1998 JD
16 Shri Atal Behari Vajpayee
19 March,
1998 22 May,
2004 BJP
17 Dr. Manmohan Singh
22 May,
2004 Incumb
INC - Indian National Congress, JP - Janata Party, JD http://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gif- Janata Dal
BJP - Bharatiya Janata Party, SJP - Samajwadi Janata Party
No Name From To Party
1 Jawahar Lal Nehru
15 August,
1947 27 May,
1964 INC
2 Shri Gulzarilal Nanda
27 May,
1964 9 June,
1964 INC
3 Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri
9 June,
1964 11 January,
1966 INC
4 Shri Gulzarilal Nanda
11 January,
1966 24 January,
1966 INC
5 Shrimati Indira Gandhi
24 January,
1966 24 March,
1977 INC
6 Shri Morarji Desai
24 March,
1977 28 July,
1979 JP
7 Shri Charan Singh
28 July,
1979 14 January,
1980 JP
8 Shrimati Indira Gandhi
14 January,
1980 31 October,
1984 INC
9 Shri Rajiv Gandhi
31 October,
1984 2 December,
1989 INC
(Indira)
10 Shri Vishwanath Pratap Singh
2 December,
1989 10 November,
1990 JD
11 Shri Chandra Shekhar
10 November,
1990 21 June,
1991 SJP
12 Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao
21 June,
1991 16 May,
1996 INC
13 Shri Atal Behari Vajpayee
16 May,
1996 1 June,
1996 BJP
14 H. D. Deve Gowda
1 June,
1996 21 April,
1997 JD
15 Inder Kumar Gujral
21 April,
1997 19 March,
1998 JD
16 Shri Atal Behari Vajpayee
19 March,
1998 22 May,
2004 BJP
17 Dr. Manmohan Singh
22 May,
2004 Incumb
Presidents of India
Presidents of India
http://careerprakashan.com/
No Name From To
1 Dr. Rajendra Prasad
January 26, 1950 May 13, 1962
2 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
May 13, 1962 May 13, 1967
3 Dr. Zakir Hussain
May 13, 1967 August 24, 1969
4 Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri
August 24, 1969 August 24, 1974
5 Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
August 24, 1974 February 11, 1977
6 Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
July 25, 1977 July 25, 1982
7 Shri Giani Zail Singh
July 25, 1982 July 25, 1987
8 Shri R. Venkataraman
July 25, 1987 July 25, 1992
9 Dr.S.D. Sharma
July 25, 1992 July 25, 1997
10 Shri K R Narayanan
July 25, 1997 25 July 2002
11 Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
25 July 2002 25 July 2007
12 Pratibha Patil
25 July 2007 Incumbent
http://careerprakashan.com/
No Name From To
1 Dr. Rajendra Prasad
January 26, 1950 May 13, 1962
2 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
May 13, 1962 May 13, 1967
3 Dr. Zakir Hussain
May 13, 1967 August 24, 1969
4 Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri
August 24, 1969 August 24, 1974
5 Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
August 24, 1974 February 11, 1977
6 Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
July 25, 1977 July 25, 1982
7 Shri Giani Zail Singh
July 25, 1982 July 25, 1987
8 Shri R. Venkataraman
July 25, 1987 July 25, 1992
9 Dr.S.D. Sharma
July 25, 1992 July 25, 1997
10 Shri K R Narayanan
July 25, 1997 25 July 2002
11 Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
25 July 2002 25 July 2007
12 Pratibha Patil
25 July 2007 Incumbent
Friday, 24 February 2012
Marks Distribution for Prelims General Studies
Marks Distribution for Prelims General Studies:
Marks for 150 Questions in General Studies Preliminary is distributed unevenly between the below mentioned 8 topics.
http://careerprakashan.com/
Mark Distribution for General Studies Main Examination:
Paper 1
Topic Question Details Marks
History & Culture 2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
15 Questions out of 15 each 20 words, marks 2 * 15 30 marks
Geography of India 2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Indian Polity 1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Indian Current Affaires & Issues of Social Relevance 1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Paper 2
Topic Question Details Marks
India & world, Citizenship, Forign Policy 2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 30 * 2 60 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 15 10 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 15 10 marks
Indian Economy 1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
India & International Organization / World Arena 1 Questions out of 2 with 150 words, marks 15 * 1 15 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Science & Technology 1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
3 Questions out of 4 each 20 words, marks 15 * 3 45 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Statistics 4 Questions out of 4, marks 6 * 4 24 marks
3 Questions out of 3, marks 3 * 2 6 marks
Marks for 150 Questions in General Studies Preliminary is distributed unevenly between the below mentioned 8 topics.
http://careerprakashan.com/
Mark Distribution for General Studies Main Examination:
Paper 1
Topic Question Details Marks
History & Culture 2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
15 Questions out of 15 each 20 words, marks 2 * 15 30 marks
Geography of India 2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Indian Polity 1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Indian Current Affaires & Issues of Social Relevance 1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Paper 2
Topic Question Details Marks
India & world, Citizenship, Forign Policy 2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 30 * 2 60 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 15 10 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 15 10 marks
Indian Economy 1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
2 Questions out of 3 each 150 words, marks 15 * 2 30 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
India & International Organization / World Arena 1 Questions out of 2 with 150 words, marks 15 * 1 15 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Science & Technology 1 Questions out of 2 with 250 words, marks 30 * 1 30 marks
3 Questions out of 4 each 20 words, marks 15 * 3 45 marks
5 Questions out of 5 each 20 words, marks 2 * 5 10 marks
Statistics 4 Questions out of 4, marks 6 * 4 24 marks
3 Questions out of 3, marks 3 * 2 6 marks
General Studies Strategy
General Studies Strategy
http://careerprakashan.com/
Civil services main examination is fast approaching. It is now only a few weeks away. The candidates have to keep in mind the following points regarding the General Studies paper
• Examination process is going to change every year and the candidates have to be ready to answer the new mode of paper.
• UPSC is going to select those candidates who prepared the syllabus with focus on current affairs. Over 70 questions in CSATthis year are from current affairs. About 14 questions in CSAT are from the events that took place in May 2011. That says all about the UPSC’s preference on current affairs.
• As scoring in the GS paper is difficult, every candidate should aim for the score of atleast 320.marks in each optional subject.
• Last year, the GS paper contains the questions which are related to the events that took place between October 1 and 15. Most candidates failed to answer such questions. Candidates have to read two main English newspapers daily. ‘The Hindu’ and ‘The Times of India’ are the ones which publish many articles with good content. Editorials of the newspapers are very useful.
• What the candidates have to keep in mind is that the questions based on the less prominent news too may be asked.
• The topics between September 2010 and October 2011 must be thoroughly studied.
• Thorough knowledge on environment, climate change, ecology, biodiversity is needed.
• Candidates should target the topics like Statistics and Indian Economy for high score.
• For Indian Economy, the topics like Planning, Growth, Mobilisation of Resources,Employment, Foreign Trade, Economic and Diplomacy issues relating oil, gas, energy, role of IMF, WTO, World Bank, etc. should be prepared well.
• Those candidates who scored more than 300 marks are the ones who have thorough knowledge on various subjects at secondary and higher secondary level.
• For learning the basic concepts on various subjects of optionals and GS, the IGNOU materials on optional subjects are recommended.
• The books like Yozana, Economic Survey, etc. are very useful at the hour
http://careerprakashan.com/
Civil services main examination is fast approaching. It is now only a few weeks away. The candidates have to keep in mind the following points regarding the General Studies paper
• Examination process is going to change every year and the candidates have to be ready to answer the new mode of paper.
• UPSC is going to select those candidates who prepared the syllabus with focus on current affairs. Over 70 questions in CSATthis year are from current affairs. About 14 questions in CSAT are from the events that took place in May 2011. That says all about the UPSC’s preference on current affairs.
• As scoring in the GS paper is difficult, every candidate should aim for the score of atleast 320.marks in each optional subject.
• Last year, the GS paper contains the questions which are related to the events that took place between October 1 and 15. Most candidates failed to answer such questions. Candidates have to read two main English newspapers daily. ‘The Hindu’ and ‘The Times of India’ are the ones which publish many articles with good content. Editorials of the newspapers are very useful.
• What the candidates have to keep in mind is that the questions based on the less prominent news too may be asked.
• The topics between September 2010 and October 2011 must be thoroughly studied.
• Thorough knowledge on environment, climate change, ecology, biodiversity is needed.
• Candidates should target the topics like Statistics and Indian Economy for high score.
• For Indian Economy, the topics like Planning, Growth, Mobilisation of Resources,Employment, Foreign Trade, Economic and Diplomacy issues relating oil, gas, energy, role of IMF, WTO, World Bank, etc. should be prepared well.
• Those candidates who scored more than 300 marks are the ones who have thorough knowledge on various subjects at secondary and higher secondary level.
• For learning the basic concepts on various subjects of optionals and GS, the IGNOU materials on optional subjects are recommended.
• The books like Yozana, Economic Survey, etc. are very useful at the hour
Discuss Current Affairs
Discuss Current Affairs
http://careerprakashan.com/
Current affairs, is the mainstay of the civil service examination, what with one portion of the exam dedicated to general studies. The current affairs of india and international current event affairs, are an important part of the general studies paper, both in the mains and the prelims. At the interview current affairs news rules and decides the rank of the candidate and even whether s/he will get through or not. In such a scenario the coverage of current affairs in india as well as current world affairs, becomes an important part of your preprations.
Article
People in the News
Places in the News
Discuss Current Affairs
Current Affairs Quiz - new
For the very purpose of getting you ready for the challenge that is Current Affairs In India, we are covering the 2011 current affairs including politics current affair, current affair news, science current affairs, general knowledge current affair, current government affair and international current affairs. Only studying India's current affairs or political current affairs is not sufficient as you have to cover international events and current affairs along with the Indian current affairs, as well as those in the field of science and sports.
International Current Affairs December 2011
International News
$300m stake in Twitter bought by Saudi prince
• Saudi prince and billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal who is an investor in world's top companies, also bought a $300 million stake in the fast-growing microblogging site Twitter. By this move the Prince has gained another foothold in the media industry of the world.
Alwaleed is a nephew of the Saudi king and he has a personal net whose worth was estimated by Forbes magazine in March this year and is just some points below $20 billion. Not only this Alwaleed also owns a 7 per cent stake in News Corp and he further plans to start a cable news channel in his homeland.
The stake in the Twitter was bought jointly by Alwaleed and his Kingdom . He also owns a Co investment firm and that the stake was bought after months of negotiations with the sites company. Following the stake buying the shares in the Prince Kingdom jumped to 5.7 percent in stock and trade market in Saudi Arabia.
Microsoft goes a sort of social type
• The renowned tech company Microsoft has also brought itself in the scene of social media and all this was done in a low key affair. Microsoft also owns a small stake in the Facebook.
the site that has been introduced is made just for students who wants to share interesting discoveries over the internet and the site looks like a composition of both Facebook and Google +.
Though only certain universities have access to this site, the site is a blend of functions like web browsing, search functions and networking and it also includes an interesting feature named "video party".
Hotline launched by the US for detained immigrants
• In order to help the detained immigrants a telephone hotline was launched by the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement department. This hotline will allow the detained immigrants detained in their country to help them know their rights and to allow them to report cases if they are being treated unfair by other peoples.
The phone number can be used by detained immigrants. The move was launched as the US officials feels that the immigrants they may be US citizens or they may be victims of crime.
To ensure that such people who are in custody are properly notified about their rights. The US department guarantees that the phone line is made available 24 hours a day and will be having many interpreters in several languages so as to employee effective communication between the immigrants and the concerned authorities.
US blames Pak for NATO air strike being carried by them
• As another blow to the already weakened relationship between the US and the Pakistan was announced when the US blamed the Pakistani officials for the NATO strike carried out by them. Be it the aggressive approach towards Pakistan or their tactical need in Afghanistan, all the hopes were laid down to rest when the Pentagon said that the respect all rules engagement and international law of conflict hinting to the NATO strike that killed 24 Pakistani soldiers.
Further the Washington even named the incident an act of war. An official said that-“the Pakistani soil misbehaved that led the NATO to strike back. And such response is continued then they will again shot back.
Pentagon spokesman captain John Kirby further said that they have delivered the report regarding the same to Pakistan’s general Kayani in Islamabad by a US officer in charge. The officer is going to explain every detail of the findings to the general.
Hearing for the suspected WikiLeaks leaker concludes
• The hearing for the WikiLeaks leaker was concluded in a US court. The leaker was a US Army intelligence analyst. He was accused of leaking secret classified files to the WikiLeaks website which gave enemies complete access to government secrets. However the defence lawyer of the accused said that his client has done no crime.
The lawyers from both the sides made several arguments at the hearing in order to decide whether Bradley Manning who is a Private First Class person should be court-martialed for the charges held against at him. The charges include aiding the enemy and wrongfully causing intelligence reports to be published on the Internet that caused furore and a mess for the government.
The prosecution held 22 criminal charges against the accused further saying that the massive release of documents by the accused had caused harm to national security.
National
Anna to fast from December 27 as Lokpal bill cleared without CBI.
• In a move to stop Anna Hazare’s movement against corruption finally the Union Cabinet cleared the Lokpal bill but without CBI. However the support by the cross party for the legislation was seen with doubt as the Cabinet vetoed the autonomy suggestion to the CBI.
A senior minister said that-“the CBI will look into only those cases that are going to be referred by the anti graft body”. Further the government officials said that the Cabinet cannot agree to the suggestion of the division of the prosecuting and the investigating sections of the CBI.
Shanti Bhushan, a prominent team member of Anna Hazare’s team said that- “ The Lokpal bill without CBI is not of any use and does not have any meaning”. He further said that if CBI is still under the control of the government it will still shield the corrupted government officials”.
Kiran Bedi also raised her voice stating that is such a bill is made then it’s better that it is not passed or else it will destroy even the remaining CBI power.
Following the reports Anna Hazare has said that he will go on for the 3 day fast in Mumbai from December 27 onwards.
Pro-TN activists delyed Guruvayur Express for the Mullaperiyar protest
• Regarding the Mullaperiyar issue the activists from the Manitha Urimai Paathukappu Maiyam which is a human rights protection centre tried to obstruct and even delayed the Guruvayur Express that was passing through Trichy at 1.20pm. The protest was made against the double dealings of the parties like Congress, BJP and the CPM. Also the protesters also demanded the arrest of Kerela Chief Minister Oommen Chandy as they consider that he violated the SC’S verdict for the issue.
The activists staged a rail roko by plastering the walls around Tiruchirappalli Junction. However the police didn’t provided any sort of permission to allow any such agitation. It was only after some time that the authorities came to know that they were misled by fake notice.
The activists consist mostly of lawyers and in order to show the support for the protest over the dam the Trading Malayali community shut downed their shutters. But to prevent things from getting worse the protesters were not allowed inside the railway premises and 8 of the protesters were arrested and later released at 5 pm by the police.
New Year Eve shadowed by the Terror alert
• While people were busy celebrating and welcoming the New Year but the Delhi Police remained on its toes to guard the city following the terror alert that were made for the arrest of some terrorists and Pakistani spies. The alert was also made by the Intelligence service and asked the police department to remain cautious.
the Delhi Police said that more focus would be given on the security of the five star hotels in the Delhi area that hold major New Year party for people thus seeing major rush of party goers. Apart from the hotel security the police said that they will do thorough checking of people New Year eve barricades were placed at prominent places to check the movement of suspicious peoples.
After the CNG price, petrol prices to rise up.
• The sole supplier of gas in the National Capital Region, the Indraprastha Gas Lrd(IGL), rose the prices of the automotive fuel by Rs 1.75 per kg. This step was made to pass on the status of the rupee’s fall against the dollars. Also this step was made to as the production from the Relience Industries Ltd’s dropped in the Andhra coast.
This rise in the price of the CNG (Compressed natural gas) is 5th revision for the Delhi and its NCR region. Other states of country like that of Mumbai that also have CNG services are also going to be affected due to the depreciation of the rupee’s against dollar.
Following the CNG price hike it is said that the petrol’s price are also going to shoot up by Rs 1 per litre.
Man held with arms and live cartridges in DTC bus.
• Just before the New Year’s Eve, a man was held for carrying a major consignment of arms and ammunitions in DTC bus near Subhash Nagar Metro Station. The arms and the ammunitions were placed in a gunny bag to prevent any sort of suspicion by the locals travelling in the bus. Upon checking by the police the man named Ravinder was arrested. The police recovered 18 pistols and live cartridges from the gunny bag.
The police official said that that had received a tip off regarding the consignment. A team was formed under the supersvision of ACP of Tilak Nagar, and they stopped the bus and checked the suspicious man that was carrying the gunny bag. Upon recovering live cartridges and arms the man was immediately arrested. A case has been registered under the Arms Act.
The police said that they stopped the bus around 10.45am and they surrounded the bus and closed all the entry and exit gates of the bus. The accused who was sitting at the back seat with his gunny bag lloked suspicious and he was thoroughly checked. The arms and the cartridges were covered by vegetables and once they were removed the team and the passengers were shocked to see the ammunitions that were more than dozens in numbers.
Campaign against Hooch menace by Mamata
• The Chief Minister of Bengal Mamata Banerjee led a campaign in Kolkata to create mass awareness for the Hooch menace that reports the illegally distilled liquor possession and selling of the liquor. The campaign was held to bring light on the scene of illegal selling of distilled liquor that caused death of 172 people. All the victims consumed spurious liquor in South 24-Parganas.
The campaigned carried massive placards that read "Say no to poison liquor". Some placards also had slogans and one liners as "Allow us to live a healthy life", “Life is precious”. The campaign included- Human Rights activists, students and politicians that marched from College Square to Esplanade. Apart from the chief minister, some of her ministerial colleagues like Subrata Mukherjee, Partha Chatterjee and Firhad Hakim also took part in the campaign against the Hooch incident.
Addressing the masses, the chief minister said that she will continue her campaign against illicit liquor that will be followed by raids and arrests of culprits until she is successful to curb the menace. By this campaign she is going to generate social awareness against drinking of illicit poison liquor.
The Election Commission will keep tab on social media content and the expenses
• The Election Commission of India has said that it will keep a watch on all the ongoing malicious poll content and expenditure on that are done and incurred Facebook following complaints from Punjab province that the political leaders from various parties are their election mission by making use of the many social networking sites.
The Chief of the election commissioner SY Quraishi told a news paper that-"he and his team members have no problems with social networking sites like Twitter or Facebook as long as the content posted on these site is neither malicious nor violates any code of conduct in any way.” He further said that if the political leaders are asking for votes online and wants to reach the young generation for votes then he does not have any problem with it as the sites are just forms of another media. He said that all we are concerned about are the expenses that will be involved while monitoring candidates who use social networking sites and other forms of media. Though there is no policy for monitoring this so far but the commission will find out a remedy to solve the problem.
Court tells the social websites to take off offensive content.
• Just as the controversy created by IT minister Kapil Sibal for urging social networking websites to censor or remove off the offensive content from their pages in another fresh move a trial court has directed several social websites that includes Facebook, Google, Orkut and Youtube, to censor contents like "anti-religious contents" or "anti-social content " that promotes hatred or communal disharmony in the society.
The trail courts administrative civil judge Mukesh Kumar has clearly directed all the social networking sites to remove all the objectionable content that is present in the form of photos or videos or text which can posses power to hurt religious sentiments. The order came after a civil suit was filed by Mufti Aijaz Arshad Qasmi who even submitted some printouts showing malicious contents as a proof.
http://careerprakashan.com/
Sports Current Affairs
Clarke says that it is must for the Oz pacers to bounce India out from Sydney ground.
• Australian cricket team captain Michael Clarke has asked the teams bowlers to bounce the Indian out from the second Test that will starts from Tuesday. The match is going to be held at the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG).
Clarke in an interview said that-"he loves’ the aggression of his teams fast bowlers. He said that he simply loved the way they his teams’ bowlers served it up to the Indian batsmen during the last match that led to their strong victory in Melbourne. Also if conditions remain in our favour then we will bounce the Indians again during the second Test that is to be held in Sydney.”
Clarke said that he wants his bowlers to be as ruthless as possible. And they should continue with the same strength and aggression that they previously showed in during win by122-run.
Indian stars bears the fire after MCG debacle
• The Indian media lashed their anger out at the country's batting line-up for letting the team down in the opening Test that was held at against Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).
The Indian team failed to cope with the Australia’s pace attack when they failed to chase a 292-run target. The Oz players attack was so strong that the Indian team could only manage to gain 169 runs despite having batsmen like Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid, VVS Laxman and Virender Sehwag who have major batting experience.
Bhupathi and Bopanna team targets Olympic medal
• The team of Leander Paes and Mahesh Bhupati reunited after a long gap of 9 yrs and this was just an act of choice not a mere chance. The team now bids to target the Olympic medal at the 2012 London’s Olympic but they split up within months of their team formation.
Now Mahesh Bhupathi will pair up with fresh player Rohan Bopanna . They will play together for the first time after the Davis Cup. After their team formation the duo toiled in the Bombay Gymkhana for about two-and-half hours to begin their journey to the 2012 Olympics. The London Olympics are just 216 days away to begin.
http://careerprakashan.com/
Current affairs, is the mainstay of the civil service examination, what with one portion of the exam dedicated to general studies. The current affairs of india and international current event affairs, are an important part of the general studies paper, both in the mains and the prelims. At the interview current affairs news rules and decides the rank of the candidate and even whether s/he will get through or not. In such a scenario the coverage of current affairs in india as well as current world affairs, becomes an important part of your preprations.
Article
People in the News
Places in the News
Discuss Current Affairs
Current Affairs Quiz - new
For the very purpose of getting you ready for the challenge that is Current Affairs In India, we are covering the 2011 current affairs including politics current affair, current affair news, science current affairs, general knowledge current affair, current government affair and international current affairs. Only studying India's current affairs or political current affairs is not sufficient as you have to cover international events and current affairs along with the Indian current affairs, as well as those in the field of science and sports.
International Current Affairs December 2011
International News
$300m stake in Twitter bought by Saudi prince
• Saudi prince and billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal who is an investor in world's top companies, also bought a $300 million stake in the fast-growing microblogging site Twitter. By this move the Prince has gained another foothold in the media industry of the world.
Alwaleed is a nephew of the Saudi king and he has a personal net whose worth was estimated by Forbes magazine in March this year and is just some points below $20 billion. Not only this Alwaleed also owns a 7 per cent stake in News Corp and he further plans to start a cable news channel in his homeland.
The stake in the Twitter was bought jointly by Alwaleed and his Kingdom . He also owns a Co investment firm and that the stake was bought after months of negotiations with the sites company. Following the stake buying the shares in the Prince Kingdom jumped to 5.7 percent in stock and trade market in Saudi Arabia.
Microsoft goes a sort of social type
• The renowned tech company Microsoft has also brought itself in the scene of social media and all this was done in a low key affair. Microsoft also owns a small stake in the Facebook.
the site that has been introduced is made just for students who wants to share interesting discoveries over the internet and the site looks like a composition of both Facebook and Google +.
Though only certain universities have access to this site, the site is a blend of functions like web browsing, search functions and networking and it also includes an interesting feature named "video party".
Hotline launched by the US for detained immigrants
• In order to help the detained immigrants a telephone hotline was launched by the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement department. This hotline will allow the detained immigrants detained in their country to help them know their rights and to allow them to report cases if they are being treated unfair by other peoples.
The phone number can be used by detained immigrants. The move was launched as the US officials feels that the immigrants they may be US citizens or they may be victims of crime.
To ensure that such people who are in custody are properly notified about their rights. The US department guarantees that the phone line is made available 24 hours a day and will be having many interpreters in several languages so as to employee effective communication between the immigrants and the concerned authorities.
US blames Pak for NATO air strike being carried by them
• As another blow to the already weakened relationship between the US and the Pakistan was announced when the US blamed the Pakistani officials for the NATO strike carried out by them. Be it the aggressive approach towards Pakistan or their tactical need in Afghanistan, all the hopes were laid down to rest when the Pentagon said that the respect all rules engagement and international law of conflict hinting to the NATO strike that killed 24 Pakistani soldiers.
Further the Washington even named the incident an act of war. An official said that-“the Pakistani soil misbehaved that led the NATO to strike back. And such response is continued then they will again shot back.
Pentagon spokesman captain John Kirby further said that they have delivered the report regarding the same to Pakistan’s general Kayani in Islamabad by a US officer in charge. The officer is going to explain every detail of the findings to the general.
Hearing for the suspected WikiLeaks leaker concludes
• The hearing for the WikiLeaks leaker was concluded in a US court. The leaker was a US Army intelligence analyst. He was accused of leaking secret classified files to the WikiLeaks website which gave enemies complete access to government secrets. However the defence lawyer of the accused said that his client has done no crime.
The lawyers from both the sides made several arguments at the hearing in order to decide whether Bradley Manning who is a Private First Class person should be court-martialed for the charges held against at him. The charges include aiding the enemy and wrongfully causing intelligence reports to be published on the Internet that caused furore and a mess for the government.
The prosecution held 22 criminal charges against the accused further saying that the massive release of documents by the accused had caused harm to national security.
National
Anna to fast from December 27 as Lokpal bill cleared without CBI.
• In a move to stop Anna Hazare’s movement against corruption finally the Union Cabinet cleared the Lokpal bill but without CBI. However the support by the cross party for the legislation was seen with doubt as the Cabinet vetoed the autonomy suggestion to the CBI.
A senior minister said that-“the CBI will look into only those cases that are going to be referred by the anti graft body”. Further the government officials said that the Cabinet cannot agree to the suggestion of the division of the prosecuting and the investigating sections of the CBI.
Shanti Bhushan, a prominent team member of Anna Hazare’s team said that- “ The Lokpal bill without CBI is not of any use and does not have any meaning”. He further said that if CBI is still under the control of the government it will still shield the corrupted government officials”.
Kiran Bedi also raised her voice stating that is such a bill is made then it’s better that it is not passed or else it will destroy even the remaining CBI power.
Following the reports Anna Hazare has said that he will go on for the 3 day fast in Mumbai from December 27 onwards.
Pro-TN activists delyed Guruvayur Express for the Mullaperiyar protest
• Regarding the Mullaperiyar issue the activists from the Manitha Urimai Paathukappu Maiyam which is a human rights protection centre tried to obstruct and even delayed the Guruvayur Express that was passing through Trichy at 1.20pm. The protest was made against the double dealings of the parties like Congress, BJP and the CPM. Also the protesters also demanded the arrest of Kerela Chief Minister Oommen Chandy as they consider that he violated the SC’S verdict for the issue.
The activists staged a rail roko by plastering the walls around Tiruchirappalli Junction. However the police didn’t provided any sort of permission to allow any such agitation. It was only after some time that the authorities came to know that they were misled by fake notice.
The activists consist mostly of lawyers and in order to show the support for the protest over the dam the Trading Malayali community shut downed their shutters. But to prevent things from getting worse the protesters were not allowed inside the railway premises and 8 of the protesters were arrested and later released at 5 pm by the police.
New Year Eve shadowed by the Terror alert
• While people were busy celebrating and welcoming the New Year but the Delhi Police remained on its toes to guard the city following the terror alert that were made for the arrest of some terrorists and Pakistani spies. The alert was also made by the Intelligence service and asked the police department to remain cautious.
the Delhi Police said that more focus would be given on the security of the five star hotels in the Delhi area that hold major New Year party for people thus seeing major rush of party goers. Apart from the hotel security the police said that they will do thorough checking of people New Year eve barricades were placed at prominent places to check the movement of suspicious peoples.
After the CNG price, petrol prices to rise up.
• The sole supplier of gas in the National Capital Region, the Indraprastha Gas Lrd(IGL), rose the prices of the automotive fuel by Rs 1.75 per kg. This step was made to pass on the status of the rupee’s fall against the dollars. Also this step was made to as the production from the Relience Industries Ltd’s dropped in the Andhra coast.
This rise in the price of the CNG (Compressed natural gas) is 5th revision for the Delhi and its NCR region. Other states of country like that of Mumbai that also have CNG services are also going to be affected due to the depreciation of the rupee’s against dollar.
Following the CNG price hike it is said that the petrol’s price are also going to shoot up by Rs 1 per litre.
Man held with arms and live cartridges in DTC bus.
• Just before the New Year’s Eve, a man was held for carrying a major consignment of arms and ammunitions in DTC bus near Subhash Nagar Metro Station. The arms and the ammunitions were placed in a gunny bag to prevent any sort of suspicion by the locals travelling in the bus. Upon checking by the police the man named Ravinder was arrested. The police recovered 18 pistols and live cartridges from the gunny bag.
The police official said that that had received a tip off regarding the consignment. A team was formed under the supersvision of ACP of Tilak Nagar, and they stopped the bus and checked the suspicious man that was carrying the gunny bag. Upon recovering live cartridges and arms the man was immediately arrested. A case has been registered under the Arms Act.
The police said that they stopped the bus around 10.45am and they surrounded the bus and closed all the entry and exit gates of the bus. The accused who was sitting at the back seat with his gunny bag lloked suspicious and he was thoroughly checked. The arms and the cartridges were covered by vegetables and once they were removed the team and the passengers were shocked to see the ammunitions that were more than dozens in numbers.
Campaign against Hooch menace by Mamata
• The Chief Minister of Bengal Mamata Banerjee led a campaign in Kolkata to create mass awareness for the Hooch menace that reports the illegally distilled liquor possession and selling of the liquor. The campaign was held to bring light on the scene of illegal selling of distilled liquor that caused death of 172 people. All the victims consumed spurious liquor in South 24-Parganas.
The campaigned carried massive placards that read "Say no to poison liquor". Some placards also had slogans and one liners as "Allow us to live a healthy life", “Life is precious”. The campaign included- Human Rights activists, students and politicians that marched from College Square to Esplanade. Apart from the chief minister, some of her ministerial colleagues like Subrata Mukherjee, Partha Chatterjee and Firhad Hakim also took part in the campaign against the Hooch incident.
Addressing the masses, the chief minister said that she will continue her campaign against illicit liquor that will be followed by raids and arrests of culprits until she is successful to curb the menace. By this campaign she is going to generate social awareness against drinking of illicit poison liquor.
The Election Commission will keep tab on social media content and the expenses
• The Election Commission of India has said that it will keep a watch on all the ongoing malicious poll content and expenditure on that are done and incurred Facebook following complaints from Punjab province that the political leaders from various parties are their election mission by making use of the many social networking sites.
The Chief of the election commissioner SY Quraishi told a news paper that-"he and his team members have no problems with social networking sites like Twitter or Facebook as long as the content posted on these site is neither malicious nor violates any code of conduct in any way.” He further said that if the political leaders are asking for votes online and wants to reach the young generation for votes then he does not have any problem with it as the sites are just forms of another media. He said that all we are concerned about are the expenses that will be involved while monitoring candidates who use social networking sites and other forms of media. Though there is no policy for monitoring this so far but the commission will find out a remedy to solve the problem.
Court tells the social websites to take off offensive content.
• Just as the controversy created by IT minister Kapil Sibal for urging social networking websites to censor or remove off the offensive content from their pages in another fresh move a trial court has directed several social websites that includes Facebook, Google, Orkut and Youtube, to censor contents like "anti-religious contents" or "anti-social content " that promotes hatred or communal disharmony in the society.
The trail courts administrative civil judge Mukesh Kumar has clearly directed all the social networking sites to remove all the objectionable content that is present in the form of photos or videos or text which can posses power to hurt religious sentiments. The order came after a civil suit was filed by Mufti Aijaz Arshad Qasmi who even submitted some printouts showing malicious contents as a proof.
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Sports Current Affairs
Clarke says that it is must for the Oz pacers to bounce India out from Sydney ground.
• Australian cricket team captain Michael Clarke has asked the teams bowlers to bounce the Indian out from the second Test that will starts from Tuesday. The match is going to be held at the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG).
Clarke in an interview said that-"he loves’ the aggression of his teams fast bowlers. He said that he simply loved the way they his teams’ bowlers served it up to the Indian batsmen during the last match that led to their strong victory in Melbourne. Also if conditions remain in our favour then we will bounce the Indians again during the second Test that is to be held in Sydney.”
Clarke said that he wants his bowlers to be as ruthless as possible. And they should continue with the same strength and aggression that they previously showed in during win by122-run.
Indian stars bears the fire after MCG debacle
• The Indian media lashed their anger out at the country's batting line-up for letting the team down in the opening Test that was held at against Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).
The Indian team failed to cope with the Australia’s pace attack when they failed to chase a 292-run target. The Oz players attack was so strong that the Indian team could only manage to gain 169 runs despite having batsmen like Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid, VVS Laxman and Virender Sehwag who have major batting experience.
Bhupathi and Bopanna team targets Olympic medal
• The team of Leander Paes and Mahesh Bhupati reunited after a long gap of 9 yrs and this was just an act of choice not a mere chance. The team now bids to target the Olympic medal at the 2012 London’s Olympic but they split up within months of their team formation.
Now Mahesh Bhupathi will pair up with fresh player Rohan Bopanna . They will play together for the first time after the Davis Cup. After their team formation the duo toiled in the Bombay Gymkhana for about two-and-half hours to begin their journey to the 2012 Olympics. The London Olympics are just 216 days away to begin.
BANK PO EXAM DATES, Bank Jobs Notification, Bank Probationary Officers(PO) & Clerk Recruitment 2012
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BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER (PO) RECRUITMENT 2012
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Allahabad Bank to recruit 1600 Probationary Officers, Allahabad Bank Recruitment 2012
Bank of Maharashtra Probationary Officers (PO) recruitment 2012 for 457 Job Vacancies 2012
Bank of Baroda (BOB) 600 Probationary Officers (PO) recruitment 2012 Project
UCO Bank require 1100 Probationary Officers, UCO Bank PO Recruitment 2012
Indian Bank Recruitment of 452 Probationary Officers (POs)- 2012 jobs
Punjab National Bank (PNB) require 775 Management Trainees 2012 Recruitment
Canara Bank Recruitment of 2000 Probationary Officers 2012 Imp. Dates, Application Deadlines
Andhra Bank recruitment for Probationary Officers (POs) 2012 backlog of OBC vacancies
Bank of India (BOI) Probationary Officer (PO) Recruitment 2012 (1800 General Banking Officers)
Union Bank of India to recruit 2473 Probationary Officers 2012, Union Bank PO Recruitment
Corporation Bank PO Recruitment 2012 - Corpn. Bank to recruit 355 Probationary Assistant Managers
Common Written Exam (CWE) for Specialist Officers Recruitment 2012
Syndicate Bank PO Recruitment 2012 Syndicate Bank recruitment of 1750 Probationary Officers
Bank of India (BOI) Specialist Officer & General banking officers Recruitment 2012
ICICI BANK Probationary Officer Programme May 2012 Batch Important Dates
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Common Written Examination (CWE) 2011 for PO Recruitment Supplementary Examination on 13.11.2011
Union Bank of India Customer Relationship Executive CRE Recruitment 2011
Muthoot Finance Ltd require 2000 Probationary Officers(POs), 2011 PO recruitment
State Bank of India (SBI) Associates Recruitment of 4987 Probationary Officers(POs) 2011
State Bank of India (SBI) requires 1000 Probationary Officers(POs), 2011 recruitment
Canara Bank Recruitment 2011 Specialist Officers (Network Administrators, System Administrators, Database Administrators)
UCO Bank require 43 experienced IT Officers 2011, UCO Bank IT Officer Recruitment 2011
Central Bank of India (CBI) Recruitment of Specialist Category Officers
Maharashtra Gramin Bank Recruitment of Officer Middle Management, Junior Management and Office Assistant 2011
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) Recruitment of Development Assistants and Pharmacists
Puduvai Bharathiar Grama Bank Recruitment of Assistant Managers (officer scale-1) and Office Assistant-multi purpose (Clerical cadre)
Syndicate Bank Recruitment 2011 - Syndicate Bank wants 750 Asst Manager Rural Development (AMRD) in JMGS-I
Karur Vysya Bank Probationary Officers (PO) recruitment 2011
Indian Overseas Bank Probationary Officer (PO) Recruitment 2011 Bank PO - 1000 Nos
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Dena Bank Recruitment of Specialist officers, Probationary officers and Clerks 2011
IDBI Bank requires Executives - 700 job vacancies in 2010-
Oriental Bank Of Commerce (OBC) invites Applications for 322 Posts of Probationary Officers
Punjab and Sind Bank (PSB) Officer Recruitment 440 POs
United Bank of India PO recruitment Exam United Bank of India Bank recruitment of 370 Probationary Officers
State Bank of India SBI 2010 recruitment 500 Management Executives (MBA, CS, ICWA) , 60 Technical Executives (Engineers)
OBC Officer Recruitment 2010 - Oriental Bank of Commerce require 200 Officers for Marketing Insurance, Mutual Funds on Contract
Canara Bank Recruitment ( 700 Investment Officers) Imp. Dates, Application Deadlines
Public Sector Banks may reintroduce Common Banking Entrance Test
Central Bank of India (CBI) recruitment of Probationary Officers
Syndicate Bank Recruitment - Syndicate Bank wants 426 Specialist Officers
Punjab National Bank (PNB) Recruitment of Officers (IT-Banking Domain) - 227 Nos
Andhra Bank recruitment for Probationary Officers (POs) Technical and IT Officers CA Clerks jobs
NABARD to recruit 120 Asst. Managers Grade A
Allahabad Bank require Probationary Officers, Agriculture Officers, IT Officers
Saraswat Co-Op. Bank Recruitment Notice for 100 Probationary Officers - Bank PO
Federal Bank wants Probationary Officers, Clerks. Check out Important Dates and Application Deadlines
Andhra Bank requires 365 Probationary Officers (P.O.), 10 Law Officers , 75 I.T. Officers
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BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER (PO) RECRUITMENT 2012
Bank Recruitment for Probationary Officers (PO) 2012, Bank PO Job Alerts, Bank PO Exam Dates and Notifications
Allahabad Bank to recruit 1600 Probationary Officers, Allahabad Bank Recruitment 2012
Bank of Maharashtra Probationary Officers (PO) recruitment 2012 for 457 Job Vacancies 2012
Bank of Baroda (BOB) 600 Probationary Officers (PO) recruitment 2012 Project
UCO Bank require 1100 Probationary Officers, UCO Bank PO Recruitment 2012
Indian Bank Recruitment of 452 Probationary Officers (POs)- 2012 jobs
Punjab National Bank (PNB) require 775 Management Trainees 2012 Recruitment
Canara Bank Recruitment of 2000 Probationary Officers 2012 Imp. Dates, Application Deadlines
Andhra Bank recruitment for Probationary Officers (POs) 2012 backlog of OBC vacancies
Bank of India (BOI) Probationary Officer (PO) Recruitment 2012 (1800 General Banking Officers)
Union Bank of India to recruit 2473 Probationary Officers 2012, Union Bank PO Recruitment
Corporation Bank PO Recruitment 2012 - Corpn. Bank to recruit 355 Probationary Assistant Managers
Common Written Exam (CWE) for Specialist Officers Recruitment 2012
Syndicate Bank PO Recruitment 2012 Syndicate Bank recruitment of 1750 Probationary Officers
Bank of India (BOI) Specialist Officer & General banking officers Recruitment 2012
ICICI BANK Probationary Officer Programme May 2012 Batch Important Dates
Central Bank of India (CBI) Specialist Officer recruitment 2011-2012
Common Written Examination (CWE) 2011, Common Bank PO Management Trainee Recruitment Entrance Exam
- What is Common Written Examination (CWE) ?
- Common Written Examination (CWE) Important Dates
- Common Written Examination (CWE) Participating Banks - Common Written Examination (CWE) Eligibility Criteria (Age & Educational Qualification)
- Common Written Examination (CWE) Written Examination Structure
- Pre Examination Training
- How to Apply for Common Written Examination (CWE) - Call Letters for Written Examination
Common Written Examination (CWE) 2011 for PO Recruitment Supplementary Examination on 13.11.2011
Union Bank of India Customer Relationship Executive CRE Recruitment 2011
Muthoot Finance Ltd require 2000 Probationary Officers(POs), 2011 PO recruitment
State Bank of India (SBI) Associates Recruitment of 4987 Probationary Officers(POs) 2011
State Bank of India (SBI) requires 1000 Probationary Officers(POs), 2011 recruitment
Canara Bank Recruitment 2011 Specialist Officers (Network Administrators, System Administrators, Database Administrators)
UCO Bank require 43 experienced IT Officers 2011, UCO Bank IT Officer Recruitment 2011
Central Bank of India (CBI) Recruitment of Specialist Category Officers
Maharashtra Gramin Bank Recruitment of Officer Middle Management, Junior Management and Office Assistant 2011
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) Recruitment of Development Assistants and Pharmacists
Puduvai Bharathiar Grama Bank Recruitment of Assistant Managers (officer scale-1) and Office Assistant-multi purpose (Clerical cadre)
Syndicate Bank Recruitment 2011 - Syndicate Bank wants 750 Asst Manager Rural Development (AMRD) in JMGS-I
Karur Vysya Bank Probationary Officers (PO) recruitment 2011
Indian Overseas Bank Probationary Officer (PO) Recruitment 2011 Bank PO - 1000 Nos
BANK CET, Common All India Entrance Test (CET) for Bank Jobs (PO & Clerical) from
Dena Bank Recruitment of Specialist officers, Probationary officers and Clerks 2011
IDBI Bank requires Executives - 700 job vacancies in 2010-
Oriental Bank Of Commerce (OBC) invites Applications for 322 Posts of Probationary Officers
Punjab and Sind Bank (PSB) Officer Recruitment 440 POs
United Bank of India PO recruitment Exam United Bank of India Bank recruitment of 370 Probationary Officers
State Bank of India SBI 2010 recruitment 500 Management Executives (MBA, CS, ICWA) , 60 Technical Executives (Engineers)
OBC Officer Recruitment 2010 - Oriental Bank of Commerce require 200 Officers for Marketing Insurance, Mutual Funds on Contract
Canara Bank Recruitment ( 700 Investment Officers) Imp. Dates, Application Deadlines
Public Sector Banks may reintroduce Common Banking Entrance Test
Central Bank of India (CBI) recruitment of Probationary Officers
Syndicate Bank Recruitment - Syndicate Bank wants 426 Specialist Officers
Punjab National Bank (PNB) Recruitment of Officers (IT-Banking Domain) - 227 Nos
Andhra Bank recruitment for Probationary Officers (POs) Technical and IT Officers CA Clerks jobs
NABARD to recruit 120 Asst. Managers Grade A
Allahabad Bank require Probationary Officers, Agriculture Officers, IT Officers
Saraswat Co-Op. Bank Recruitment Notice for 100 Probationary Officers - Bank PO
Federal Bank wants Probationary Officers, Clerks. Check out Important Dates and Application Deadlines
Andhra Bank requires 365 Probationary Officers (P.O.), 10 Law Officers , 75 I.T. Officers
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Tuesday, 21 February 2012
Upcoming Bank Recruitment Exams
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55 Officers and 62 Office Assistants 16 February, 2012, [Officers] – 18.03.2012, [Assistants] – 25.03.2012
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Dealers in Forex and Domestic treasury - 5 posts Feb 18, 2012, To be mentioned Later
Karnataka Bank Specialist Officers Recruitment 2012
Specialist Officers - 10 Posts Feb 20, 2012 To be mentioned Later
South Indian Bank Clerks Recruitment 2012 (In Delhi Region)
40 Clerks Posts Feb 22, 2012 To be mentioned Later
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Experienced Law officers Unmentioned To be Mentioned Later
Tamilnad Mercantile Bank IT Officers Recruitment 2012
IT Specialist officers Feb 28, 2012, To be Mentioned Later
Indian Bank 452 PO Recruitment 2012
456 Probatinary Officers (IBPS SCORE) Feb 17 to Mar 03, 2012, Interview date to be Mentioned Later
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457 Probationary Officers' Posts (IBPS SCORE) Feb 18 to Mar 09, 2012 Interview Date to be Mentioned Later ,
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Bank Post & Vacancies Last date for applying Written Test date
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Office Assistants – 42 posts Feb 16, 2012, Mar 25, 2012
Himachal Gramin Bank Officers & Assistants recruitment 2012
55 Officers and 62 Office Assistants 16 February, 2012, [Officers] – 18.03.2012, [Assistants] – 25.03.2012
Andhra Bank Dealers in forex and domestic treasury Recruitment 2012
Dealers in Forex and Domestic treasury - 5 posts Feb 18, 2012, To be mentioned Later
Karnataka Bank Specialist Officers Recruitment 2012
Specialist Officers - 10 Posts Feb 20, 2012 To be mentioned Later
South Indian Bank Clerks Recruitment 2012 (In Delhi Region)
40 Clerks Posts Feb 22, 2012 To be mentioned Later
Saraswat Bank Law officers Recruitment 2012
Experienced Law officers Unmentioned To be Mentioned Later
Tamilnad Mercantile Bank IT Officers Recruitment 2012
IT Specialist officers Feb 28, 2012, To be Mentioned Later
Indian Bank 452 PO Recruitment 2012
456 Probatinary Officers (IBPS SCORE) Feb 17 to Mar 03, 2012, Interview date to be Mentioned Later
Bank of Maharashtra 457 PO Recruitment 2012
457 Probationary Officers' Posts (IBPS SCORE) Feb 18 to Mar 09, 2012 Interview Date to be Mentioned Later ,
Allahabad Bank 1600 PO Recruitment 2012
1600 Probationary Officers' Posts Mar 10, 2012 Interview Dates to be mentioned Later
Bihar Kshetriya Gramin Bank Officers Recruitment 2012
56 Officers' Posts Feb 13 to Mar 12, 2012 Apr 15, 2012,
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Indian Administrative Service
Indian Administrative Service
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Indian Civil Service, of the British Raj - pre independence.
Indian Administrative Service
Service Overview
Abbreviation
I.A.S.
Formed
1946
Country
India
Training Ground
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie
Controlling Authority Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension, Department of Personnel and Training
Legal personality Governmental: Government service
General nature Policy Formulation
Policy Implementation
Civil administration
Advisors to Ministers
Managing bureaucracy (Center and State)
Preceding service Indian Civil Service (1893–1946)
Cadre Size
5159 posts (direct recruitment - 66.67%, promotion 33.33%) (2009)
Head of the Civil Services
Cabinet Secretary
Current: Ajit Seth
The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is the administrative civil service of the Government of India. It is one of the three All India Services.[1]
The officers of the IAS play a major role in managing the bureaucracy of both the Union Government and the State governments, with its members holding strategic posts across the country.
Contents
[hide]
• 1 Independence of the Civil Service
• 2 Recruitment into IAS
• 3 Allocation and placement
• 4 Functions of the civil servant
• 5 Designations
• 6 Further reading
• 7 See also
• 8 Notes
• 9 External links
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[edit] Independence of the Civil Service
The Constituent Assembly of India intended that the bureaucracy should be able to speak out freely, without fear of persecution or financial insecurity as an essential element in unifying the nation. The IAS officers are recruited by the Union government on the recommendation of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and posted under various State governments. While the respective State Governments have control over them they can not censure or take disciplinary action against IAS and other All India Services officers without consulting the Union Government(Central) and the UPSC.
The examination is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission. It has three stages: a preliminary exam, a main exam, and an interview, and is known for being extremely challenging. Recently the preliminary exam pattern has changed. There used to be 23 optional subjects along with a general studies paper. Now there will be no optional subjects in the preliminary examination. Instead there will be a second paper which will be common for all candidates. It covers aptitude, general mathematics, comprehensive English,social studies etc.
Entry into the IAS is considered very difficult. Almost all of the applicants rank IAS as their top choice because of the high prestige and diversity of career it offers.
Repeated attempts are allowed up to four times for General Merit candidates, seven times for OBC candidates. There is no bar on the number of attempts for SC/ST candidates. The upper age limit to attempt the examination is 35 for SC/ST and 30 years for the General Merit Candidate. The candidate should not be older than 30 years of age as on 1 August of that year. The minimum age is 21 years.
About 850 candidates are finally selected each year out of the nearly 550,000(2010 data) but only a rank in the top 80 guarantees an IAS selection — an acceptance rate of 0.025 percent, which makes it one of the most competitive selection processes in the world.
[edit] Recruitment into IAS
The direct recruitment of a candidate into IAS is by Civil Service Exam conducted by Union Public Service Commission. However, also the recruitment into IAS is done by appointment by selection through powers conferred by section 3 of the All India Services Act of 1951 (61 of 1951) and in pursuance of sub-rule (2) of rule 8 of the Indian Administrative Service (Recruitment) Rules of 1954 and in supersession of the Indian Administrative Service (Appointment by Selection) Regulations of 1956.[2][3]
[edit] Allocation and placement
After being selected for the IAS, candidates are allocated to "cadres." There is one cadre in each Indian state, except for three joint cadres: Assam–Meghalaya, Manipur–Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh–Goa–Mizoram–Union Territories (AGMUT).[citation needed]
The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who are posted in their home states) is maintained as 1:2. as 'insiders'. The rest are posted outsiders' according to the 'roster' in states other than their home states. Till 2008 there was no choice for any state cadre and the candidates, if not placed in the insider vacancy of their home states, were allotted to different states in alphabetic order of the roster, beginning with the letters A,H,M,T for that particular year. For example if in a particular year the roster begins from 'A', which means the first candidate in the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre of IAS, the next one to Bihar, and subsequently to Chattisgarh, Gujarat and so on in alphabetical order. The next year the roster starts from 'H', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh.( if it has started from Haryana in the previous occasion when it all started from 'H', then this time it would start from Himachal Pradesh). This highly intricate system has on one hand ensured that officers from different states are placed all over India, it has also resulted in wide disparities in the kind of professional exposure for officers, when we compare officers in small and big and also developed and backward state, since the system ensures that the officers are permanently placed to one state cadre. The only way the allotted state cadre can be changed is by marriage to an officer of another state cadre of IAS/IPS/IFS. One can even go to his home state cadre on deputation for a limited period, after which one has to invariably return to the cadre allotted to him or her.[citation needed]
The centralizing effect of these measures was considered extremely important by the system's framers, but has received increasing criticism over the years. In his keynote address at the 50th anniversary of the Service in Mussoorie, former Cabinet Secretary Nirmal Mukarji argued that separate central, state and local bureaucracies should eventually replace the IAS as an aid to efficiency.[4] There are also concerns that without such reform, the IAS will be unable to "move from a command and control strategy to a more interactive, interdependent system".[5]
[edit] Functions of the civil servant
A civil servant is responsible for the law and order and general administration in the area under his work. Typically the functions of an IAS officer are as follows [6] :
• To handle the daily affairs of the government, including framing and implementation of policy in consultation with the minister-in-charge of the concerned ministry.[6]
o Implementation of policy requires supervision.
o Implementation requires traveling to places where the policies are being implemented.
o Implementation also includes expenditure of public funds which again requires personal supervision as the officers are answerable to the Parliament and State Legislature for any irregularities that may occur.
• In the process of policy formulation and decision making, officers at various levels like joint secretary, deputy secretary make their contributions and the final shape to the policy is given or a final decision is taken with the concurrence of the minister concerned or the cabinet depending upon the gravity the issue.[6]
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is remembered as the "Patron Saint" of India's civil servants for establishing modern all-India services. In an unprecedented and unrepeated gesture, on the day after his death more than 1,500 officers of India's civil and police services congregated to mourn at Patel's residence in Delhi and pledged "complete loyalty and unremitting zeal" in India's service.[7]
Designations
Progression of IAS officers in State and Center Government
Most IAS officers start their careers in the state administration at the sub-divisional level as a sub divisional magistrate. They are entrusted with the law and order situation of the city along with general administration and development work of the areas under their charge. The post of District Officer is also known as District Magistrate, District Collector or Deputy Commissioner. Since it is the most identifiable position in the IAS services, it is also the post which most people identify with IAS. At the top of the hierarchy of IAS officers at the Centre is the Cabinet Secretary followed by Secretary/Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary, Director, Deputy Secretary and Under Secretary. These posts are filled according to seniority.[8]
The details on the amount of salaries can be found in the recommendations and associated documents of the Sixth Pay Commission report.[9]
[edit] Further reading
• Indian bureaucracy at the crossroads, by Syamal Kumar Ray. Published by Sterling, 1979.
• Corruption in Indian politics and bureaucracy, by Satyavan Bhatnagar, S. K. Sharma, Panjab University. Published by Ess Ess Publications, 1991. ISBN 8170001234.
• Breaking Free of Nehru (particularly chapter 5), by Sanjeev Sabhlok, Published by Anthem Press, 2008.
[edit] See also
India portal
• Civil Services of India
• All India Service
• Corruption in India
[edit] Notes
1. ^ All India Services
2. ^ Union Public Service Commission (14 April 2003). "Selection procedure for appointment of Non-SCS officers to the IAS under IAS (Appointment by Selection) Regulations 1997". Union Public Service Commission. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
3. ^ Union Public Service Commission (14 April 2003). "All India Services: Recruitment and Promotions". Union Public Service Commission. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
4. ^ Mukarji, Nirmal. Speech published "Restructuring the Bureaucracy: Do We Need the All-India Services?"in Arora, Balveer and Radin, Beryl, Eds. The Changing Role of the All-India Services: An assessment and agenda for future research on federalism and the All-India services. New Delhi: Centre for Policy Research, 2000.
5. ^ Radin, B.A. (2007). "The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) in the 21 stCentury: Living in an Intergovernmental Environment". International Journal of Public Administration 30 (12): 1525–1548. doi:10.1080/01900690701229848. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
6. ^ a b c Exam Result IAS information website
7. ^ Panjabi, Indomitable Sardar, pp. 157–58
8. ^ One Stop IAS
9. ^ IAS pay revision as per Sixth pay commission
http://careerprakashan.com/
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Indian Civil Service, of the British Raj - pre independence.
Indian Administrative Service
Service Overview
Abbreviation
I.A.S.
Formed
1946
Country
India
Training Ground
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie
Controlling Authority Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension, Department of Personnel and Training
Legal personality Governmental: Government service
General nature Policy Formulation
Policy Implementation
Civil administration
Advisors to Ministers
Managing bureaucracy (Center and State)
Preceding service Indian Civil Service (1893–1946)
Cadre Size
5159 posts (direct recruitment - 66.67%, promotion 33.33%) (2009)
Head of the Civil Services
Cabinet Secretary
Current: Ajit Seth
The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is the administrative civil service of the Government of India. It is one of the three All India Services.[1]
The officers of the IAS play a major role in managing the bureaucracy of both the Union Government and the State governments, with its members holding strategic posts across the country.
Contents
[hide]
• 1 Independence of the Civil Service
• 2 Recruitment into IAS
• 3 Allocation and placement
• 4 Functions of the civil servant
• 5 Designations
• 6 Further reading
• 7 See also
• 8 Notes
• 9 External links
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[edit] Independence of the Civil Service
The Constituent Assembly of India intended that the bureaucracy should be able to speak out freely, without fear of persecution or financial insecurity as an essential element in unifying the nation. The IAS officers are recruited by the Union government on the recommendation of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and posted under various State governments. While the respective State Governments have control over them they can not censure or take disciplinary action against IAS and other All India Services officers without consulting the Union Government(Central) and the UPSC.
The examination is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission. It has three stages: a preliminary exam, a main exam, and an interview, and is known for being extremely challenging. Recently the preliminary exam pattern has changed. There used to be 23 optional subjects along with a general studies paper. Now there will be no optional subjects in the preliminary examination. Instead there will be a second paper which will be common for all candidates. It covers aptitude, general mathematics, comprehensive English,social studies etc.
Entry into the IAS is considered very difficult. Almost all of the applicants rank IAS as their top choice because of the high prestige and diversity of career it offers.
Repeated attempts are allowed up to four times for General Merit candidates, seven times for OBC candidates. There is no bar on the number of attempts for SC/ST candidates. The upper age limit to attempt the examination is 35 for SC/ST and 30 years for the General Merit Candidate. The candidate should not be older than 30 years of age as on 1 August of that year. The minimum age is 21 years.
About 850 candidates are finally selected each year out of the nearly 550,000(2010 data) but only a rank in the top 80 guarantees an IAS selection — an acceptance rate of 0.025 percent, which makes it one of the most competitive selection processes in the world.
[edit] Recruitment into IAS
The direct recruitment of a candidate into IAS is by Civil Service Exam conducted by Union Public Service Commission. However, also the recruitment into IAS is done by appointment by selection through powers conferred by section 3 of the All India Services Act of 1951 (61 of 1951) and in pursuance of sub-rule (2) of rule 8 of the Indian Administrative Service (Recruitment) Rules of 1954 and in supersession of the Indian Administrative Service (Appointment by Selection) Regulations of 1956.[2][3]
[edit] Allocation and placement
After being selected for the IAS, candidates are allocated to "cadres." There is one cadre in each Indian state, except for three joint cadres: Assam–Meghalaya, Manipur–Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh–Goa–Mizoram–Union Territories (AGMUT).[citation needed]
The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who are posted in their home states) is maintained as 1:2. as 'insiders'. The rest are posted outsiders' according to the 'roster' in states other than their home states. Till 2008 there was no choice for any state cadre and the candidates, if not placed in the insider vacancy of their home states, were allotted to different states in alphabetic order of the roster, beginning with the letters A,H,M,T for that particular year. For example if in a particular year the roster begins from 'A', which means the first candidate in the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre of IAS, the next one to Bihar, and subsequently to Chattisgarh, Gujarat and so on in alphabetical order. The next year the roster starts from 'H', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh.( if it has started from Haryana in the previous occasion when it all started from 'H', then this time it would start from Himachal Pradesh). This highly intricate system has on one hand ensured that officers from different states are placed all over India, it has also resulted in wide disparities in the kind of professional exposure for officers, when we compare officers in small and big and also developed and backward state, since the system ensures that the officers are permanently placed to one state cadre. The only way the allotted state cadre can be changed is by marriage to an officer of another state cadre of IAS/IPS/IFS. One can even go to his home state cadre on deputation for a limited period, after which one has to invariably return to the cadre allotted to him or her.[citation needed]
The centralizing effect of these measures was considered extremely important by the system's framers, but has received increasing criticism over the years. In his keynote address at the 50th anniversary of the Service in Mussoorie, former Cabinet Secretary Nirmal Mukarji argued that separate central, state and local bureaucracies should eventually replace the IAS as an aid to efficiency.[4] There are also concerns that without such reform, the IAS will be unable to "move from a command and control strategy to a more interactive, interdependent system".[5]
[edit] Functions of the civil servant
A civil servant is responsible for the law and order and general administration in the area under his work. Typically the functions of an IAS officer are as follows [6] :
• To handle the daily affairs of the government, including framing and implementation of policy in consultation with the minister-in-charge of the concerned ministry.[6]
o Implementation of policy requires supervision.
o Implementation requires traveling to places where the policies are being implemented.
o Implementation also includes expenditure of public funds which again requires personal supervision as the officers are answerable to the Parliament and State Legislature for any irregularities that may occur.
• In the process of policy formulation and decision making, officers at various levels like joint secretary, deputy secretary make their contributions and the final shape to the policy is given or a final decision is taken with the concurrence of the minister concerned or the cabinet depending upon the gravity the issue.[6]
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is remembered as the "Patron Saint" of India's civil servants for establishing modern all-India services. In an unprecedented and unrepeated gesture, on the day after his death more than 1,500 officers of India's civil and police services congregated to mourn at Patel's residence in Delhi and pledged "complete loyalty and unremitting zeal" in India's service.[7]
Designations
Progression of IAS officers in State and Center Government
Most IAS officers start their careers in the state administration at the sub-divisional level as a sub divisional magistrate. They are entrusted with the law and order situation of the city along with general administration and development work of the areas under their charge. The post of District Officer is also known as District Magistrate, District Collector or Deputy Commissioner. Since it is the most identifiable position in the IAS services, it is also the post which most people identify with IAS. At the top of the hierarchy of IAS officers at the Centre is the Cabinet Secretary followed by Secretary/Additional Secretary, Joint Secretary, Director, Deputy Secretary and Under Secretary. These posts are filled according to seniority.[8]
The details on the amount of salaries can be found in the recommendations and associated documents of the Sixth Pay Commission report.[9]
[edit] Further reading
• Indian bureaucracy at the crossroads, by Syamal Kumar Ray. Published by Sterling, 1979.
• Corruption in Indian politics and bureaucracy, by Satyavan Bhatnagar, S. K. Sharma, Panjab University. Published by Ess Ess Publications, 1991. ISBN 8170001234.
• Breaking Free of Nehru (particularly chapter 5), by Sanjeev Sabhlok, Published by Anthem Press, 2008.
[edit] See also
India portal
• Civil Services of India
• All India Service
• Corruption in India
[edit] Notes
1. ^ All India Services
2. ^ Union Public Service Commission (14 April 2003). "Selection procedure for appointment of Non-SCS officers to the IAS under IAS (Appointment by Selection) Regulations 1997". Union Public Service Commission. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
3. ^ Union Public Service Commission (14 April 2003). "All India Services: Recruitment and Promotions". Union Public Service Commission. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
4. ^ Mukarji, Nirmal. Speech published "Restructuring the Bureaucracy: Do We Need the All-India Services?"in Arora, Balveer and Radin, Beryl, Eds. The Changing Role of the All-India Services: An assessment and agenda for future research on federalism and the All-India services. New Delhi: Centre for Policy Research, 2000.
5. ^ Radin, B.A. (2007). "The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) in the 21 stCentury: Living in an Intergovernmental Environment". International Journal of Public Administration 30 (12): 1525–1548. doi:10.1080/01900690701229848. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
6. ^ a b c Exam Result IAS information website
7. ^ Panjabi, Indomitable Sardar, pp. 157–58
8. ^ One Stop IAS
9. ^ IAS pay revision as per Sixth pay commission
http://careerprakashan.com/
Saturday, 18 February 2012
Civil Services Updates
Civil Services Updates
All India Services
• Indian Administrative Service
• India Foreign Service
• Indian Police Service
Group A Services
• Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service
• Indian Audit and Accounts Service
• Indian Customs and Central Excise Service
• Indian Defence Accounts Service
• Indian Revenue Service
• Indian Ordnance Factories Service (Assistant Works Manager, non-technical)
• Indian Postal Service
• Indian Civil Accounts Service
• Indian Railway Traffic Service
• Indian Railway Accounts Service
• Indian Railway Personnel Service
• Posts of Assistant Security Officer in Railway Protection Force (RPF)
• Indian Defence Estates Service
• Indian Information Service (Junior Grade)
An overview of the services, The Indian Civil Services are organized into two main sections:
I. The All India Services II. The Central Services
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All India Services:
The officers who make it to the All India Services, on appointment by the government of India, will be deputed to different States and are at the disposal of the respective State Governments. These services include:
The Indian Administrative Service (IAS): The IAS officers handle the affairs of the government. At the Central level, their job involves the framing and implementation of policies. At the district level, they manage the affairs of the district, including development related activities. At the divisional level, they look after law and order, general administration and development work.
The Indian Police Service (IPS):
The IPS officer's job mainly involves maintaining law and order. (At the district level, they share this responsibility with the IAS officers.) The IPS officer is responsible for ensuring public safety and security; crime detection and prevention; and traffic control and accident prevention and management. There are several functional departments that help IPS officers to carry out their duties.
They are:
• Crime Branch
• Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
• Home Guards
• Traffic Bureau.
The other agencies at the Central level that aid in similar functions are:
1. Intelligence Bureau (IB), which gathers information that will aid in predicting and preventing threats to public order.
2. Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), which investigates into cases of corruption and major crimes that are referred to it.
3. Cabinet Secretariat Security, which looks after the personal security of the cabinet ministers.
4. Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), who are called in times of emergency, like a natural calamity, or when the law and order situation cannot be controlled by the local police alone.
5. Border Security Force (BSF), these forces are responsible for the protection of life and property in the border areas.
The Indian Forest Service : The officers in this category manage the forest reserves of the nation. Their job involves the protection and conservation of forest resources and wildlife. They also look after the management and supply of forest products.
The Central ServicesThe Officers of the Central Services serve the Government of India only, irrespective of which State or Country they are posted in. Some of the predominant services that come under this category are:
• The Indian Foreign Service (IFS): The IFS officers look after the country's external affairs, including diplomacy, trade and cultural relations. They are also responsible for the administration and activities of Indian missions abroad; and for the framing and implementation of the Government's foreign policy.
• The Indian Railway Service (IRS): The Indian railway network is one of the largest in the world. The IRS officers ensure the smooth operation of this network.
• The Indian Postal Service: This department looks after the functioning of the mail, telegraphic and other communication services in the country.
• The Accounts and Auditing Service: This department functioning in four categories deals with accounts, audits and inspections of: - public sector, central and state government undertakings; all military establishments; and the fixing, assessment and collection of income tax.
• The Indian Customs (IC) and Central Excise Service (CES): The IC deals with the checking and levy of duty on taxable goods brought into the country; and the CES carries out the duty of taxation of goods manufactured within the country.
• The Indian Ordinance Factories Service: This service oversees the production of goods made particularly for the use of the Armed Forces.
• The Indian Defence Estates Service (IDES): It is concerned with the administration of military cantonments.
• The Indian Information Service (IIS): This comes under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The IIS officers handle the press and/or public relations both within the country and abroad on behalf of the government, its various ministries, Public Sector Units (PSUs) and the defence forces.
Group - B Services
• Railway Board Secretariat Service (Section Officer's Grade)
• Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service (Section Officer's Grade)
• Customs Appraisers' Service
• Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service and Police Service
• Pondicherry Civil Service
Exam Procedure
The Application Procedure for the Civil Services Examination is pretty simple. Electronically scannable Application Forms along with the Information Brochure can be obtained from the designated Head Post Offices / Post Offices throughout the country. The duly filled in Application Form with the acknowledgement card should be sent to - Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi - 110011. For more details regarding Syllabi, Examination Centres and other clauses, interested candidates are advised to check UPSC's Notification issued during December in 'Employment News' and all major newspapers.
Scheme of the Examination
The successive stages of examination are:
o Preliminary Examination for the selection of candidates for the Main Examination
o Main Examination (Written) for the selection of candidates for interview for a Personality Test.
o Interview (Personality Test)
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Eligibility
Academic Eligibility for IAS Exams
o A degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be a Deemed University under the UGC Act, 1956, or an equivalent qualification.
o Candidates who have appeared or intend to appear for the qualifying examination and are awaiting results are also eligible to appear for the Preliminary Examination. All such candidates who qualify to appear for the Civil Services Main Examination must produce proof of having passed the said examination along with their application for the Main Examination.
o The UPSC may in exceptional cases treat a candidate without the foregoing requisite qualification as an eligible candidate if he / she has passed an examination conducted by other institutions, the standard of which justifies his / her admission in the opinion of the Commission.
o Candidates with professional and technical qualifications recognised by the Government as equivalent to professional and technical degrees.
o Candidates who have passed the final year of MBBS or any Medical Examination but are yet to complete the internship can also appear for the Main Examination. However they must submit along with their Main Examination application, a certificate from the concerned authority of the University / Institution that they have passed the final professional medical examination. At the Interview stage they must then produce a certificate from a competent authority that they have completed (including internship) all the requirements for the award of the Medical Degree.
Other Eligibility Conditions for IAS Exams
(1) Nationality
i. Only Indian nationals are eligible for IAS and IPS.
ii. For other services a candidate can be either of the following:
a. a citizen of India,
b. a subject of Nepal,
c. a subject of Bhutan,
d. a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before January 1, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India, or
e. a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Burma, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vietnam, Zaire or Zambia with the intention of permanently settling in India. Candidates belonging to either categories of b., c., d. or e., must produce an eligibility certificate issued by the Government of India. Those who belong to either of b., c., or d., categories are not eligible for appointment to the Indian Foreign Service.
(2) Age Limit
i. A candidate must have attained 21 years and not be over 30 years on August 1 of the year of examination.
ii. The upper age limit is relaxed in specific cases as mentioned below:
a. upto a maximum of 5 years if the candidate belongs to SC/ST.
b. upto a maximum of 3 years if the candidate belongs to Other Backward Classes.
c. upto a maximum of 5 years if the candidate had been domiciled in Jammu & Kashmir during the period between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1989.
d. upto a maximum of 3 years in the case of Defence Services personnel disabled during hostilities with foreign countries or in a disturbed area and consequently released.
e. upto a maximum of 5 years in the case of ex-servicemen including Commissioned Officers and ECOs / SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Service as on August 1 of the year of examination and have been released:
on completion of assignment (including those whose assignment is due to be completed within one year from August 1 of the year of examination) otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency, or
on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service, or
on invalidment.
f. upto a maximum of 5 years in the case of ECOs / SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment (5 years Military Service) as on August 1 of the year of examination and whose assignment has been extended beyond 5 years. Such candidates will have to provide a certificate from the Ministry of Defence stating that they can apply for civil employment and they will be released on a notice of 3 months, upon selection, from the date of receipt of offer of appointment.
g. upto a maximum of 10 years in the case of blind, deaf-mute and orthopaedically handicapped candidates.
Attempts
A maximum of 4 attempts is permitted to every candidate and 7 to those belonging to Other Backward Classes. There is no restriction on the number of attempts in the case of SC/ST candidates. All this provided you are still under the age limit. Also it is wiser to be mentally ready for several attempts as cracking the Civil Services Exams is a tough nut to crack the first time around; and if you do qualify you may want to attempt again to improve your ranking and therefore your service allotment.
Preliminary Exam
The Preliminary Examination is one of the toughest exams in India and you should not take it lightly even though it is meant to serve as a screening test. This examination is conducted according to the following pattern:
PAPER SUBJECT DURATION MARKS QUESTION TYPE
I General Studies 2 hrs 150 Objective Type
II Optional Subject 2 hrs 300 Objective Type
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General Studies includes the following: General Science, Current Events of national and international importance, History of India and Indian National Movement, India and World Geography, Indian Polity and Economy and General Mental Ability.
Optional Subjects for Preliminary Examination: Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, Indian History, Law, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics and Zoology.
Main Exam
The Main Examination is to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of the candidates. The Written Examination in the Main Examination consists of 9 papers and is conducted according to the following pattern:
PAPER SUBJECT DURATION MARKS QUESTION TYPE
I One Indian language from those included in the Eighth Schedule* of the Constitution 3 hrs 300 Essay Type
II English 3 hrs 300 Conventional Type
III Essay 3 hrs 200 Essay Type
IV&V General Studies 3 hrs 300 for each Essay Type
VI,VII,VIII & IX Two papers in each of two Optional ** Subjects 3 hrs 300 for each Essay Type
* Languages are: Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.
** Optional Subjects for the Main Examination: Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Anthropology, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce & Accountancy, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law, Management, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science & International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology, Literature of one of the following languages: Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.
Civil Services Interview
Even though the interview carries 300 marks with no minimum qualifying marks, it is the deciding factor at many times of your being within the services or out of it and in the least matters in which service you get.However since the interview is so personal and variable it is most desirable to do very well in the written mains. But an Interview can make or break you so take your personality development rather seriously and make sure to attend some mock interviews at leading institutes.
UPSC Interview Questions
UPSC Interview questions range from questions about your choice of subject to why you want to join the civil services. It is good to answer honestly but at the same time avoid cliches like wanting to do service to the nation etc. Questions on your hobbies are imperative so prepare well as they expect some indepth knowledge on that. Questions relating to your name, your college or school name are also a big posibility. If someone well-know shares one of these names please also prepare on that. Also learn up about important events on the year or date of your birth. As you can see, UPSC Interview questions are mainly from what you have filled in your form including your subject but here it is more a test of logic and presentation and awareness rather than pure subject knowledge. In the UPSC interview many questions are situational like what will you do if a Tsunami strikes your district and you are the DM/Collector/SP. Questions on your choice of service preference also need to be prepared. Current affairs analysis is important too.
Application Procedure
The Application Procedure for the Civil Services Examination is pretty simple. Electronically scannable Application Forms along with the Information Brochure can be obtained from the designated Head Post Offices / Post Offices throughout the country. The duly filled in Application Form with the acknowledgement card should be sent to - Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi - 110011. For more details regarding Syllabi, Examination Centres and other clauses, interested candidates are advised to check UPSC's Notification issued during December in 'Employment News' and all major newspapers.
List of Post Offices For UPSC Application Forms
Job Prospects :
Depending upon his rank, a candidate is recruited to services such as the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS) and other departments including Finance, Post and Telegraph, Revenue, Secretariat and so on. The appointment offers executive power. Promotions are time bound and increase in privileges are automatic. Selected candidates are first put through a training session for a short period. He is usually sent to an academic staff college associated with the service to which he is allocated. The greatest thing about civil service is the job security. Special facilities include subsidised accommodation, telephone and transport facilities, medical benefits, leave travel concession, etc. After retirement, there are very good social welfare facilities. Last but not the least is the immense satisfaction one derives at being able to participate in the development process of the country.
Remuneration :
The Government of India has fixed salary grades for Civil Servants. Approximately the range of salaries drawn at various levels is as follows:
Junior Officers: Rs. 8000-275-13500
Senior Officers: Rs. 10650-325-15200
Junior Administrative Grade: Rs. 12,750-375-16,500
Selection Grade: Rs. 15,100-400-18,300
Additional Secretary: Rs. 22400-525-24500
Secretary/Cabinet Secretary: Rs. 26,000/30,000
(The above scales only provide an idea of the pay scales. Different branches of the service have different scales of pay.)
In addition to the salary civil servants receive various allowances such as Dearness Allowance, City compensatory Allowance, Leave Travel Allowance, Medical and subsidised housing.
List of centers of Examination - UPSC
The UPSC has a list of centers where candidates can appear. Most state capital cities have a center, so choosing a Upsc center near your place of study or residence should not be difficult. Changing of centers once filled is a difficult proposition, so be very careful as to what you fill as your center of examination.
Centre Code Centre Code Centre Code
Agartala 45 Gangtok 42 Panaji ( Goa ) 36
Ahmedabad 01 Hyderabad 10 Patna 15
Aizawl 47 Imphal 44 Pondicherry 20
Aligarh 21 Itanagar 48 Port Blair 37
Allahabad 02 Jaipur 11 Raipur 49
Aurangabad 38 Jammu 34 Ranchi 41
Bangalore 03 Jodhpur 22 Sambalpur 53
Bareilly 54 Jorhat 46 Shillong 16
Bhopal 04 Kochi 24 Shimla 17
Chandigarh 35 Kohima 43 Srinagar 18
Chennai 12 Kolkata 06 Thiruvananthapuram 19
Cuttack 07 Lucknow 26 Tirupati 50
Dehradun 14 Madurai 40 Udaipur 52
Delhi 08 Mumbai 05 Vishakhapatnam 51
Dharwar 39 Nagpur 13 Dispur 09
Here is a list of subjects for IAS/UPSC exams as per the UPSC Syllabus. Under each subject is provided reources regarding the subject that includes prelims and mains IAS syllabus as well as question papers, strategy and suggested readings for the subject. The IAS Syllabus and other services like the IPS and Income Tax is the same, as it is a single exam conducted by UPSC and the syllabus is also set by the UPSC.
Subject Combinations are NOT allowed
The Following Combinations are NOT allowed by the UPSC
• Political Science & International relations and Public Administration
• Commerce & Accountancy and Management
• Anthropology and Sociology
• Mathematics and Statistics
• Agriculture and Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science
• Management and Public Administration
• Any two branches of engineering
• Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science and Medical Science
• Combination if two Literatures
UPSC PLAN OF EXAMINATION:
The Civil Services Examination consists of two successive stages: (I) Civil Services Preliminary Examination; and (ii) Civil Services Main Exam(Written &Interview) for selection of candidates
Part A - UPSC Preliminary Examination - Optional Subjects
• General Studies
• Essay
• Agriculture
• Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
• Botany
• Chemistry
• Civil Engineering
• Commerce
• Economics
• Electrical Engineering
• Geography
• Geology
• Indian History
• Law • Mathematics
• Mechanical Engineering
• Medical Science
• Philosophy
• Physics
• Political Science
• Psychology
• Public Administration
• Sociology
• Statistics
• Zoology
Part B - UPSC Main Examination - Optional Subjects
• General Studies
• Essay
• English Qualifying
• Indian Languages
• Mathematics
• Agriculture
• Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
• Botany
• Chemistry
• Civil Engineering
• Commerce
• Economics
• Electrical Engineering
• Geography
• Geology
• Indian History
• Law
• Mathematics
• Management
• Mechanical Engineering
• Medical Science
• Philosophy
• Physics
• Political Science
• Psychology
• Public Administration
• Sociology
• Statistics
• Zoology
• Anthropology • Arabic
• Assamese
• Bengali
• Bodo
• Chinese
• Dogri
• English
• French
• German
• Gujarati
• Hindi
• Kannada
• Kashmiri
• Konkani
• Maithili
• Malayalam
• Manipuri
• Marathi
• Nepali
• Oriya
• Pali
• Persian
• Punjabi
• Russian
• Sanskrit
• Santali
• Sindhi
• Tamil
• Telugu
• Urdu
All India Services
• Indian Administrative Service
• India Foreign Service
• Indian Police Service
Group A Services
• Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service
• Indian Audit and Accounts Service
• Indian Customs and Central Excise Service
• Indian Defence Accounts Service
• Indian Revenue Service
• Indian Ordnance Factories Service (Assistant Works Manager, non-technical)
• Indian Postal Service
• Indian Civil Accounts Service
• Indian Railway Traffic Service
• Indian Railway Accounts Service
• Indian Railway Personnel Service
• Posts of Assistant Security Officer in Railway Protection Force (RPF)
• Indian Defence Estates Service
• Indian Information Service (Junior Grade)
An overview of the services, The Indian Civil Services are organized into two main sections:
I. The All India Services II. The Central Services
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All India Services:
The officers who make it to the All India Services, on appointment by the government of India, will be deputed to different States and are at the disposal of the respective State Governments. These services include:
The Indian Administrative Service (IAS): The IAS officers handle the affairs of the government. At the Central level, their job involves the framing and implementation of policies. At the district level, they manage the affairs of the district, including development related activities. At the divisional level, they look after law and order, general administration and development work.
The Indian Police Service (IPS):
The IPS officer's job mainly involves maintaining law and order. (At the district level, they share this responsibility with the IAS officers.) The IPS officer is responsible for ensuring public safety and security; crime detection and prevention; and traffic control and accident prevention and management. There are several functional departments that help IPS officers to carry out their duties.
They are:
• Crime Branch
• Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
• Home Guards
• Traffic Bureau.
The other agencies at the Central level that aid in similar functions are:
1. Intelligence Bureau (IB), which gathers information that will aid in predicting and preventing threats to public order.
2. Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), which investigates into cases of corruption and major crimes that are referred to it.
3. Cabinet Secretariat Security, which looks after the personal security of the cabinet ministers.
4. Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), who are called in times of emergency, like a natural calamity, or when the law and order situation cannot be controlled by the local police alone.
5. Border Security Force (BSF), these forces are responsible for the protection of life and property in the border areas.
The Indian Forest Service : The officers in this category manage the forest reserves of the nation. Their job involves the protection and conservation of forest resources and wildlife. They also look after the management and supply of forest products.
The Central ServicesThe Officers of the Central Services serve the Government of India only, irrespective of which State or Country they are posted in. Some of the predominant services that come under this category are:
• The Indian Foreign Service (IFS): The IFS officers look after the country's external affairs, including diplomacy, trade and cultural relations. They are also responsible for the administration and activities of Indian missions abroad; and for the framing and implementation of the Government's foreign policy.
• The Indian Railway Service (IRS): The Indian railway network is one of the largest in the world. The IRS officers ensure the smooth operation of this network.
• The Indian Postal Service: This department looks after the functioning of the mail, telegraphic and other communication services in the country.
• The Accounts and Auditing Service: This department functioning in four categories deals with accounts, audits and inspections of: - public sector, central and state government undertakings; all military establishments; and the fixing, assessment and collection of income tax.
• The Indian Customs (IC) and Central Excise Service (CES): The IC deals with the checking and levy of duty on taxable goods brought into the country; and the CES carries out the duty of taxation of goods manufactured within the country.
• The Indian Ordinance Factories Service: This service oversees the production of goods made particularly for the use of the Armed Forces.
• The Indian Defence Estates Service (IDES): It is concerned with the administration of military cantonments.
• The Indian Information Service (IIS): This comes under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The IIS officers handle the press and/or public relations both within the country and abroad on behalf of the government, its various ministries, Public Sector Units (PSUs) and the defence forces.
Group - B Services
• Railway Board Secretariat Service (Section Officer's Grade)
• Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service (Section Officer's Grade)
• Customs Appraisers' Service
• Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service and Police Service
• Pondicherry Civil Service
Exam Procedure
The Application Procedure for the Civil Services Examination is pretty simple. Electronically scannable Application Forms along with the Information Brochure can be obtained from the designated Head Post Offices / Post Offices throughout the country. The duly filled in Application Form with the acknowledgement card should be sent to - Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi - 110011. For more details regarding Syllabi, Examination Centres and other clauses, interested candidates are advised to check UPSC's Notification issued during December in 'Employment News' and all major newspapers.
Scheme of the Examination
The successive stages of examination are:
o Preliminary Examination for the selection of candidates for the Main Examination
o Main Examination (Written) for the selection of candidates for interview for a Personality Test.
o Interview (Personality Test)
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Eligibility
Academic Eligibility for IAS Exams
o A degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be a Deemed University under the UGC Act, 1956, or an equivalent qualification.
o Candidates who have appeared or intend to appear for the qualifying examination and are awaiting results are also eligible to appear for the Preliminary Examination. All such candidates who qualify to appear for the Civil Services Main Examination must produce proof of having passed the said examination along with their application for the Main Examination.
o The UPSC may in exceptional cases treat a candidate without the foregoing requisite qualification as an eligible candidate if he / she has passed an examination conducted by other institutions, the standard of which justifies his / her admission in the opinion of the Commission.
o Candidates with professional and technical qualifications recognised by the Government as equivalent to professional and technical degrees.
o Candidates who have passed the final year of MBBS or any Medical Examination but are yet to complete the internship can also appear for the Main Examination. However they must submit along with their Main Examination application, a certificate from the concerned authority of the University / Institution that they have passed the final professional medical examination. At the Interview stage they must then produce a certificate from a competent authority that they have completed (including internship) all the requirements for the award of the Medical Degree.
Other Eligibility Conditions for IAS Exams
(1) Nationality
i. Only Indian nationals are eligible for IAS and IPS.
ii. For other services a candidate can be either of the following:
a. a citizen of India,
b. a subject of Nepal,
c. a subject of Bhutan,
d. a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before January 1, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India, or
e. a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Burma, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vietnam, Zaire or Zambia with the intention of permanently settling in India. Candidates belonging to either categories of b., c., d. or e., must produce an eligibility certificate issued by the Government of India. Those who belong to either of b., c., or d., categories are not eligible for appointment to the Indian Foreign Service.
(2) Age Limit
i. A candidate must have attained 21 years and not be over 30 years on August 1 of the year of examination.
ii. The upper age limit is relaxed in specific cases as mentioned below:
a. upto a maximum of 5 years if the candidate belongs to SC/ST.
b. upto a maximum of 3 years if the candidate belongs to Other Backward Classes.
c. upto a maximum of 5 years if the candidate had been domiciled in Jammu & Kashmir during the period between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1989.
d. upto a maximum of 3 years in the case of Defence Services personnel disabled during hostilities with foreign countries or in a disturbed area and consequently released.
e. upto a maximum of 5 years in the case of ex-servicemen including Commissioned Officers and ECOs / SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Service as on August 1 of the year of examination and have been released:
on completion of assignment (including those whose assignment is due to be completed within one year from August 1 of the year of examination) otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency, or
on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service, or
on invalidment.
f. upto a maximum of 5 years in the case of ECOs / SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment (5 years Military Service) as on August 1 of the year of examination and whose assignment has been extended beyond 5 years. Such candidates will have to provide a certificate from the Ministry of Defence stating that they can apply for civil employment and they will be released on a notice of 3 months, upon selection, from the date of receipt of offer of appointment.
g. upto a maximum of 10 years in the case of blind, deaf-mute and orthopaedically handicapped candidates.
Attempts
A maximum of 4 attempts is permitted to every candidate and 7 to those belonging to Other Backward Classes. There is no restriction on the number of attempts in the case of SC/ST candidates. All this provided you are still under the age limit. Also it is wiser to be mentally ready for several attempts as cracking the Civil Services Exams is a tough nut to crack the first time around; and if you do qualify you may want to attempt again to improve your ranking and therefore your service allotment.
Preliminary Exam
The Preliminary Examination is one of the toughest exams in India and you should not take it lightly even though it is meant to serve as a screening test. This examination is conducted according to the following pattern:
PAPER SUBJECT DURATION MARKS QUESTION TYPE
I General Studies 2 hrs 150 Objective Type
II Optional Subject 2 hrs 300 Objective Type
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General Studies includes the following: General Science, Current Events of national and international importance, History of India and Indian National Movement, India and World Geography, Indian Polity and Economy and General Mental Ability.
Optional Subjects for Preliminary Examination: Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, Indian History, Law, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics and Zoology.
Main Exam
The Main Examination is to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of the candidates. The Written Examination in the Main Examination consists of 9 papers and is conducted according to the following pattern:
PAPER SUBJECT DURATION MARKS QUESTION TYPE
I One Indian language from those included in the Eighth Schedule* of the Constitution 3 hrs 300 Essay Type
II English 3 hrs 300 Conventional Type
III Essay 3 hrs 200 Essay Type
IV&V General Studies 3 hrs 300 for each Essay Type
VI,VII,VIII & IX Two papers in each of two Optional ** Subjects 3 hrs 300 for each Essay Type
* Languages are: Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.
** Optional Subjects for the Main Examination: Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Anthropology, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce & Accountancy, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law, Management, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science & International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology, Literature of one of the following languages: Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.
Civil Services Interview
Even though the interview carries 300 marks with no minimum qualifying marks, it is the deciding factor at many times of your being within the services or out of it and in the least matters in which service you get.However since the interview is so personal and variable it is most desirable to do very well in the written mains. But an Interview can make or break you so take your personality development rather seriously and make sure to attend some mock interviews at leading institutes.
UPSC Interview Questions
UPSC Interview questions range from questions about your choice of subject to why you want to join the civil services. It is good to answer honestly but at the same time avoid cliches like wanting to do service to the nation etc. Questions on your hobbies are imperative so prepare well as they expect some indepth knowledge on that. Questions relating to your name, your college or school name are also a big posibility. If someone well-know shares one of these names please also prepare on that. Also learn up about important events on the year or date of your birth. As you can see, UPSC Interview questions are mainly from what you have filled in your form including your subject but here it is more a test of logic and presentation and awareness rather than pure subject knowledge. In the UPSC interview many questions are situational like what will you do if a Tsunami strikes your district and you are the DM/Collector/SP. Questions on your choice of service preference also need to be prepared. Current affairs analysis is important too.
Application Procedure
The Application Procedure for the Civil Services Examination is pretty simple. Electronically scannable Application Forms along with the Information Brochure can be obtained from the designated Head Post Offices / Post Offices throughout the country. The duly filled in Application Form with the acknowledgement card should be sent to - Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi - 110011. For more details regarding Syllabi, Examination Centres and other clauses, interested candidates are advised to check UPSC's Notification issued during December in 'Employment News' and all major newspapers.
List of Post Offices For UPSC Application Forms
Job Prospects :
Depending upon his rank, a candidate is recruited to services such as the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS) and other departments including Finance, Post and Telegraph, Revenue, Secretariat and so on. The appointment offers executive power. Promotions are time bound and increase in privileges are automatic. Selected candidates are first put through a training session for a short period. He is usually sent to an academic staff college associated with the service to which he is allocated. The greatest thing about civil service is the job security. Special facilities include subsidised accommodation, telephone and transport facilities, medical benefits, leave travel concession, etc. After retirement, there are very good social welfare facilities. Last but not the least is the immense satisfaction one derives at being able to participate in the development process of the country.
Remuneration :
The Government of India has fixed salary grades for Civil Servants. Approximately the range of salaries drawn at various levels is as follows:
Junior Officers: Rs. 8000-275-13500
Senior Officers: Rs. 10650-325-15200
Junior Administrative Grade: Rs. 12,750-375-16,500
Selection Grade: Rs. 15,100-400-18,300
Additional Secretary: Rs. 22400-525-24500
Secretary/Cabinet Secretary: Rs. 26,000/30,000
(The above scales only provide an idea of the pay scales. Different branches of the service have different scales of pay.)
In addition to the salary civil servants receive various allowances such as Dearness Allowance, City compensatory Allowance, Leave Travel Allowance, Medical and subsidised housing.
List of centers of Examination - UPSC
The UPSC has a list of centers where candidates can appear. Most state capital cities have a center, so choosing a Upsc center near your place of study or residence should not be difficult. Changing of centers once filled is a difficult proposition, so be very careful as to what you fill as your center of examination.
Centre Code Centre Code Centre Code
Agartala 45 Gangtok 42 Panaji ( Goa ) 36
Ahmedabad 01 Hyderabad 10 Patna 15
Aizawl 47 Imphal 44 Pondicherry 20
Aligarh 21 Itanagar 48 Port Blair 37
Allahabad 02 Jaipur 11 Raipur 49
Aurangabad 38 Jammu 34 Ranchi 41
Bangalore 03 Jodhpur 22 Sambalpur 53
Bareilly 54 Jorhat 46 Shillong 16
Bhopal 04 Kochi 24 Shimla 17
Chandigarh 35 Kohima 43 Srinagar 18
Chennai 12 Kolkata 06 Thiruvananthapuram 19
Cuttack 07 Lucknow 26 Tirupati 50
Dehradun 14 Madurai 40 Udaipur 52
Delhi 08 Mumbai 05 Vishakhapatnam 51
Dharwar 39 Nagpur 13 Dispur 09
Here is a list of subjects for IAS/UPSC exams as per the UPSC Syllabus. Under each subject is provided reources regarding the subject that includes prelims and mains IAS syllabus as well as question papers, strategy and suggested readings for the subject. The IAS Syllabus and other services like the IPS and Income Tax is the same, as it is a single exam conducted by UPSC and the syllabus is also set by the UPSC.
Subject Combinations are NOT allowed
The Following Combinations are NOT allowed by the UPSC
• Political Science & International relations and Public Administration
• Commerce & Accountancy and Management
• Anthropology and Sociology
• Mathematics and Statistics
• Agriculture and Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science
• Management and Public Administration
• Any two branches of engineering
• Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science and Medical Science
• Combination if two Literatures
UPSC PLAN OF EXAMINATION:
The Civil Services Examination consists of two successive stages: (I) Civil Services Preliminary Examination; and (ii) Civil Services Main Exam(Written &Interview) for selection of candidates
Part A - UPSC Preliminary Examination - Optional Subjects
• General Studies
• Essay
• Agriculture
• Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
• Botany
• Chemistry
• Civil Engineering
• Commerce
• Economics
• Electrical Engineering
• Geography
• Geology
• Indian History
• Law • Mathematics
• Mechanical Engineering
• Medical Science
• Philosophy
• Physics
• Political Science
• Psychology
• Public Administration
• Sociology
• Statistics
• Zoology
Part B - UPSC Main Examination - Optional Subjects
• General Studies
• Essay
• English Qualifying
• Indian Languages
• Mathematics
• Agriculture
• Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
• Botany
• Chemistry
• Civil Engineering
• Commerce
• Economics
• Electrical Engineering
• Geography
• Geology
• Indian History
• Law
• Mathematics
• Management
• Mechanical Engineering
• Medical Science
• Philosophy
• Physics
• Political Science
• Psychology
• Public Administration
• Sociology
• Statistics
• Zoology
• Anthropology • Arabic
• Assamese
• Bengali
• Bodo
• Chinese
• Dogri
• English
• French
• German
• Gujarati
• Hindi
• Kannada
• Kashmiri
• Konkani
• Maithili
• Malayalam
• Manipuri
• Marathi
• Nepali
• Oriya
• Pali
• Persian
• Punjabi
• Russian
• Sanskrit
• Santali
• Sindhi
• Tamil
• Telugu
• Urdu
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